Forex
Factbox-Japan’s toolkit to combat sharp yen declines
© Reuters. FILE PHOTO: Examples of Japanese yen banknotes are displayed at a factory of the National Printing Bureau producing Bank of Japan notes at a media event about a new series of banknotes scheduled to be introduced in 2024, in Tokyo, Japan, November 21, 2022
By Leika Kihara
TOKYO (Reuters) -Japanese authorities are facing renewed pressure to combat the yen’s fresh declines driven by market expectations that the Bank of Japan will keep interest rates ultra-low, even as other central banks tighten monetary policy to curb inflation.
Here are possible steps the government and the central bank could take to tackle further yen weakness, which gives exports a boost but hurts households and retailers by inflating already rising import costs for fuel and food.
ESCALATE VERBAL INTERVENTION – HIGHLY LIKELY
Japanese authorities began jawboning markets this week, describing recent yen falls as “sharp and one-sided”. Top currency diplomat Masato Kanda also said he would not rule out any options, when asked if intervention could become a possibility.
If the pace of yen declines accelerates, authorities may escalate their warnings to promise “decisive action” against speculative moves.
Such remarks, aired prior to Japan’s previous yen-buying intervention last year, would signal that Tokyo was edging closer to directly intervening in the currency market.
CONDUCT YEN-BUYING INTERVENTION – LESS LIKELY
Tokyo made rare forays into the currency market to prop up the yen in September and October last year to stem a plunge in the currency that eventually hit a 32-year low of 151.94 to the dollar.
While the yen is still well off that low, many market players see 145 as Tokyo’s line-in-the-sand and then 150 which, if breached, could trigger another round of intervention. The dollar stood around 144.63 yen in Asia on July 4.
Authorities have said the speed of yen moves, rather than levels, were key to deciding whether to step into the market. This means the chance of intervention will rise if the yen’s declines are rapid and viewed as driven mostly by speculative trading.
But yen-buying intervention would be costly as authorities must tap Japan’s foreign reserves for dollars to sell.
Tokyo would also need consent from other major economies, particularly the United States, to ensure the scale of intervention is sufficient to turn the tide.
BOJ RAISES INTEREST RATES – HIGHLY UNLIKELY
The Bank of Japan (BOJ) has vowed to keep interest rates ultra-low to support the economy, even as inflation exceeded its 2% target for more than a year.
The dovish stance is partly driving the yen’s fall, as markets focus on the divergence between Japan and U.S. and European central banks, which have hiked rates aggressively.
Some market players speculate the BOJ may allow interest rates to rise, such as by raising an implicit 0.5% cap on its 10-year bond yield target, as early as July.
But BOJ policymakers are cautious of taking such steps too soon, given uncertainty on whether wages will keep rising, and the risk of a deeper global economic slump hitting Japan’s fragile, export-reliant recovery.
The BOJ also has no intention of using monetary policy tools to directly curb yen declines – a move that could be interpreted as currency manipulation and would go beyond its remit.
That means the BOJ will consider tweaking its yield control policy only if inflation rises for longer than expected, and prods firms to raise wages and prices on a sustained basis.
Investing.com– Most Asian currencies firmed on Wednesday, while the dollar retreated as markets positioned for a widely expected interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve later in the day.
Market holidays in Hong Kong and South Korea limited overall volumes, while the Chinese yuan weakened as onshore trade resumed after an extended break.
The Japanese yen was the best performer in Asia as it rebounded sharply from some overnight losses against the greenback. The yen remained in sight of 2024 peaks hit earlier this week, with a Bank of Japan meeting on tap later this week.
Dollar muted, Fed rate cut in focus
The and both fell 0.1% each in Asian trade before the conclusion of a two-day later in the day.
The greenback found some strength on Tuesday after stronger-than-expected data, although it still retained most of its recent losses.
The dollar was pressured chiefly by expectations that the Fed will enact its first interest rate cut in over four years on Wednesday, likely signaling the start of an easing cycle that could see rates fall by at least 100 basis points by the end of 2024.
But markets were somewhat split over just by how much the Fed will cut rates. Traders were seen pricing in a 64% chance for a 50 basis point cut and a 36% chance for a 25 bps cut, showed.
Recent signs of resilience in the U.S. economy- as seen with strong retail sales and inflation data- could give the Fed less impetus to cut rates sharply. But on the other hand, recent signs of weakness in the labor market could push the Fed into enacting deeper cuts.
Still, the prospect of lower rates bodes well for high-yielding, high-risk currencies in Asia, and is likely to spur capital flows into the sector in the coming months.
Japanese yen strong, BOJ in focus
The Japanese yen was the best performer in Asian trade, as it recovered from losses logged on Tuesday. The pair fell 0.7% to 141.36 yen, remaining in sight of an over nine-month low hit earlier this week.
The yen was buoyed by expectations that the BOJ will strike a hawkish note when it , although analysts are uncertain whether it will hike interest rates again.
Still, a slew of BOJ officials signaled plans to raise rates further in tandem with higher inflation.
Japanese is also due on Friday.
Broader Asian currencies drifted higher in anticipation of the Fed decision. The Australian dollar’s pair rose 0.1%, while the Singapore dollar’s pair fell 0.2%.
The Chinese yuan’s pair rose 0.1% as onshore trade resumed after a long weekend, with sentiment towards China pressured by a string of weak economic readings for August.
The Indian rupee’s pair hovered around 83.773 rupees, having pulled back further from record highs hit earlier in September.
By Chibuike Oguh
NEW YORK (Reuters) -The U.S. dollar strengthened against most major currencies on Tuesday following better-than-expected retail sales data that seemed to support a less aggressive stance by the Federal Reserve, which is widely expected to deliver its first interest rate cut in more than four years.
Commerce Department data showed on Tuesday that U.S. retail sales unexpectedly rose 0.1% in August, suggesting that the economy remained on solid footing through much of the third quarter.
The Fed’s Federal Open Market Committee will give its interest rate decision at the conclusion of its meeting on Wednesday after which Chair Jerome Powell will hold a press conference. The last Fed rate cut was in March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.
“I think like all the markets at this point are hostage to this FOMC meeting tomorrow,” said Marvin Loh, senior global market strategist at State Street (NYSE:) in Boston.
“Retail sales were okay. It certainly doesn’t show that there should be an imminent rush to have supersized cuts and it would be somewhat unprecedented for the Fed to really panic in rate cuts given where the market is at this point.”
Against the yen, the dollar rose 0.87% to 141.830 after initially weakening following the retail sales data.
The euro was down 0.10% to $1.112125, not far from the year’s high of $1.1201. Against the Swiss franc, the dollar was up 0.15% to 0.8460.
The , which measures the greenback against a basket of currencies including the yen and the euro, gained 0.199% at 100.90.
Fed funds futures show the chance of a 50 basis point rate cut stood at 63%, against 30% a week ago, while the chances of a 25 basis point cut was at 37%. The odds have narrowed sharply after media reports revived the prospect of a more aggressive easing.
Other economic data on Wednesday appeared to provide support for the Fed to be less aggressive in cutting rates. U.S. business inventories, a key component of gross domestic product, posted a better-than-expected gain of 0.3% in July while factory output rebounded in August.
“Overall, the market is pricing in numerous rate cuts over the next several months and there are those voices that suggest that maybe the market has gotten ahead of itself,” said Axel Merk, president and chief investment officer at Merk Investments in Pal Alto, California.
The Bank of Japan is expected to keep policy steady on Friday but signal that further interest rate hikes are coming, perhaps turning the next meeting in October into a live one.
The Bank of England is also expected to retain interest rates at 5% when it meets on Thursday, although markets have priced in a nearly 36% chance of another cut.
Sterling – the best performing G10 currency this year with a 3.41% rise on the dollar – has risen thanks to signs of resilience in Britain’s economy and stickiness in inflation. It was last down 0.37% at $1.31665.
Chinese markets are closed for the Mid-Autumn Festival break until Wednesday, though the yuan was up 0.16% at 7.1090 in offshore trade.
The Canadian dollar was up 0.04% at $1.35935. The Australian and New Zealand dollars bought $0.67595 and $0.61900 respectively.
In cryptocurrencies, bitcoin gained 5.00% to $60,544.00. rose 3.29% to $2,349.00.
Currency bid prices at 17
September 06:54 p.m. GMT
Description RIC Last U.S. Close Previous Session Pct Change YTD Pct High Bid Low Bid
Dollar index 100.91 100.7 0.21% -0.45% 101 100.56
Euro/Dollar 1.1121 1.1133 -0.11% 0.75% $1.1146 $1.1111
Dollar/Yen 141.87 140.59 0.91% 0.59% 141.93 140.36
Euro/Yen 1.1121 156.53 0.79% 1.38% 157.87 156.06
Dollar/Swiss 0.8461 0.8449 0.15% 0.53% 0.8478 0.843
Sterling/Dollar 1.3163 1.3216 -0.4% 3.44% $1.3229 $1.3147
Dollar/Canadian 1.3593 1.3587 0.06% 2.55% 1.3617 1.3581
Aussie/Dollar 0.6756 0.6752 0.07% -0.9% $0.6769 $0.6742
Euro/Swiss 0.9409 0.9403 0.06% 1.32% 0.9422 0.9383
Euro/Sterling 0.8447 0.8423 0.28% -2.55% 0.8454 0.8419
NZ Dollar/Dollar 0.6186 0.6201 -0.21% -2.07% $0.6211 0.6179
Dollar/Norway 10.5965 10.5865 0.09% 4.55% 10.623 10.5601
Euro/Norway 11.7859 11.786 0% 5.01% 11.8099 11.7553
Dollar/Sweden 10.1823 10.1687 0.13% 1.15% 10.2075 10.1504
Euro/Sweden 11.3252 11.322 0.03% 1.8% 11.3465 11.306
Investing.com – The U.S. dollar has been hit hard by expectations that the Federal Reserve will start its rate-cutting cycle this week with a hefty 50 basis-point reduction, but this raises the possibility of a bounce should a smaller cut occur, according to Morgan Stanley.
The U.S. central bank starts its latest policy-setting meeting later in the session, amid growing expectations that the will cut interest rates by a hefty 50 basis points at the conclusion of a meeting on Wednesday.
Traders are pricing in a 68% chance for a 50 bps cut and a 32% chance for a 25 bps cut, CME Fedwatch showed.
This has resulted in the U.S. dollar falling to its lowest levels this year.
“Our U.S. economists remain unconvinced that a 50bp cut is likely,” said analysts at Morgan Stanley, in a note dated Sept. 16. “They expect an unanimous decision to cut rates by 25bp, with the dot plot shifting down to show a total of 75bp worth of rate cuts by the end of 2024, versus market pricing of ~115-120bp.”
The bank’s US economists also “do not expect the Chair to give specific guidance of the pace of the cutting cycle … and likely remain data dependent, indicating that future decisions will be a function of the available data.”
This outcome suggests that the Fed may not believe that the currently available data warrant a pace of easing any faster than 25bp per meeting.
“That interpretation will likely push USD up broadly in the short term, immediately after the meeting,” the bank added.
However, beyond the knee-jerk reaction, we could see a split in USD performance, with the heading lower but USD heading up versus emerging market and commodity currencies.
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