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Understanding crypto custody: What different solutions entail for investors and businesses

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As crypto continues to cement itself into our financial system, the question of custody, or how individuals and entities should hold their assets, is becoming increasingly important. This is especially true following the fallout of multiple centralized platforms last year, such as FTX and Gemini, which caused many investors to lose their crypto holdings.

The ethos of crypto is decentralization and ownership. Because third parties are effectively cut out, individuals have direct control over their funds. They don’t need to trust middlemen, such as banks or other centralized financial entities, to properly manage their assets. 

However, this complete control is often somewhat sacrificed when the question of storage comes into play. There are two types of digital wallets for storing cryptocurrency, custodial and non-custodial wallets, and each have their unique advantages and disadvantages. The primary difference between the two lies in the control and custody of the private keys, which are the cryptographic codes that enable cryptocurrency transactions. Generally, custodial wallets are less safe but more convenient, while non-custodial wallets are more secure but less convenient. 

Selecting between the two is a tricky tradeoff, but it is important that users, investors and institutions have a fundamental understanding of how each option works and the associated risks before deciding how they want to store their assets. 

When investors choose to use non-custodial wallets, also referred to as self-custody, they have total control over their private keys and by extension, total control over their assets. Self-custodying is in essence the ethos of crypto — there is no counterparty risk. Full ownership gives investors the flexibility to exchange their assets wherever and however they choose.

By self-custodying, there is no risk of a third-party provider getting hacked, going bankrupt or disappearing, which provides a level of security by removing external dependencies. Furthermore, since there is no third-party involvement, transactions can be more private (depending on the blockchain used).

With custodial wallets, users put their assets in complete control of a middleman or service provider who has complete control over the private keys. This poses many security risks and increases the likelihood of loss of funds. It can also result in access limitations, as exchanges may freeze access to funds due to legal issues, policy violations or technical problems.

Even the most high-profile cryptocurrency exchanges have not been shielded from these issues. Many have been targeted and successfully hacked in the past. And if recent collapses like that of FTX have shown us anything, it’s that some firms have also been both reckless in managing customer funds or susceptible to full-blown bankruptcies. Users who custodied their assets on FTX lost tens to hundreds of millions of dollars. 

So then, why do investors still choose custodial over non-custodial wallets? Custodial wallets are typically easier to use, especially for newcomers, as they often come with a user-friendly interface. Those offered by exchanges often provide more services, such as trading, borrowing, staking or rewards services. Additionally, many custodial providers have recovery options so if you forget your password or lose access to your account, there is usually a way to recover it because the service provider maintains control of the keys.

Whereas with self-custody, individuals are responsible for maintaining their private key. There is no password reset. Misplaced private keys may mean total irrecoverable loss of funds. Lastly, certain custodial providers offer insurance solutions to mitigate certain counterparty risk. 

As users assess the pros and cons between both solutions, there are additional factors that have become increasingly relevant given recent market investors. When users deposit their crypto on a centralized exchange, they are essentially “loaning” their crypto coins to the exchange, in turn making them unsecured creditors. In doing so, they give the exchange the power to use those funds at its discretion, meaning the funds may be used as collateral for large loans, trades, etc. 

Assuming these exchanges use the funds as intended, implement risk management strategies and keep careful records to inform next steps, they offer a convenient and theoretically safe avenue for investors to hold their crypto. Unfortunately, FTX has proven that firms don’t necessarily abide by responsible standards, calling into question the integrity of centralized exchanges and the safety of custodial wallets more broadly. 

Businesses can, in part, avoid some of these third-party risks by ensuring they select exchanges that are regulatory compliant, employ high-security standards and are transparent with regard to their funds and ability to collateralize assets. As greater regulation is introduced, there should be tighter safeguards in place to protect investors and their funds when they choose to trust custodians with their crypto. 

Overall, businesses and individuals should constantly scrutinize their custodial strategies to ensure their funds are properly managed. One avenue could be to employ both types of custodial solutions for funds, keeping a very close eye on those that are held by custodians and ensuring they are properly diversified.

The information provided here is not investment, tax or financial advice. You should consult with a licensed professional for advice concerning your specific situation.

Anthony Georgiades is the co-founder of Pastel Network.

This article was published through Cointelegraph Innovation Circle, a vetted organization of senior executives and experts in the blockchain technology industry who are building the future through the power of connections, collaboration and thought leadership. Opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of Cointelegraph.

Cryptocurrency

XRP Hits $2.35, Then Dips as Senate Testimony Looms

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TL;DR

  • Ripple CEO to testify as lawmakers debate XRP’s future under SEC or CFTC oversight.
  • The asset token forms a bullish inverse head-and-shoulders pattern with analysts predicting a 12% breakout.
  • Court denies Ripple-SEC settlement; Senate hearing and Crypto Week may shape XRP’s classification.

Garlinghouse Will Testify Before the Senate

Ripple CEO Brad Garlinghouse is set to testify before the Senate Banking Committee on July 9. The hearing, titled “From Wall Street to Web3: Building Tomorrow’s Digital Asset Markets,” will explore how digital assets are traded and regulated in the United States.

Garlinghouse confirmed his participation via X, stating he would speak on the need to pass legislation that defines crypto market structure. He will feature along with Summer Mersinger of Blockchain Association, Chainalysis co-founder Jonathan Levin, and Paradigm partner Dan Robinson. Lawmakers are expected to revisit key questions about oversight, including whether assets like XRP fall under the CFTC or SEC.

XRP Breakout Signals 12% Surge

XRP’s price jumped to $2.35 between July 7 and 8 after a sharp rise in trading volume. More than 182 million XRP traded hands during the rally. The price later settled around $2.26, reflecting a slight 0.3% dip in the past 24 hours.

Despite the retreat, crypto analyst Ali Martinez said on X,

“$XRP is breaking out!”

He noted that the token has formed an inverse head-and-shoulders pattern, often viewed as a bullish signal. Martinez said that this setup could lead to a 12% upside in the short term.

Meanwhile, traders are watching closely ahead of the Senate hearing. Some expect clearer legal definitions to emerge around XRP’s status. Support for the CLARITY bill, which aims to define regulatory boundaries for digital tokens, could shape how XRP is treated going forward.

Ripple-SEC Case Nears Final Chapter

Garlinghouse’s appearance follows Ripple’s recent decision to withdraw its cross-appeal in its legal case with the SEC. The decision came after Judge Analisa Torres ruled that XRP sales on secondary markets were not unregistered securities. A $125 million penalty tied to earlier sales remains in place.

Both Ripple and the SEC filed a motion to end the case and reduce penalties, but the court denied it. Judge Torres said only the court can revise a ruling. The SEC has not yet confirmed if it will drop its own appeal.

Upcoming Crypto Week May Drive Policy Shift

In addition, the Senate hearing sets the tone for the House’s “Crypto Week,” which begins July 14. Lawmakers will discuss three bills: one on stablecoins, one on market structure, and one addressing central bank digital currencies.

The market structure bill, known as CLARITY, could define how crypto assets are regulated. Ripple may benefit if XRP is officially treated as a commodity. That would put it under CFTC rules and remove lingering questions about its classification.

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Introducing the Zama Confidential Blockchain Protocol

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Ask anyone familiar with blockchain what the biggest drawbacks to the technology are: while some specific answers might vary here and there, you’ll likely find that security and privacy concerns are always high on the list, often accompanied by questions about the technology’s speed and the regulation around it.

Then why even use blockchain, if you can’t entirely trust it? After all, you’ve been managing things like finance, governance, and more without blockchain for a long time before this technology came along. What has certainly changed is the growing need for users and consumers, as well as companies and organizations, to receive adequate guarantees that the services they require are provided securely.

Transparency VS Confidentiality?

Blockchain networks are fundamentally transparent, and the fact that everything onchain is public is widely considered positive, especially when it comes to verify transactions. The downside, of course, is that all the key information about the transactions are also available, including data that you’d rather not disclose. This is where the ongoing dilemma plaguing a more widespread implementation of blockchain technology comes in: keeping transactions private prevents verifiability, but without the ability to verify the transactions the lack of transparency exposes users to uncomfortable scenarios.

The line between transparency and confidentiality becomes even more blurred when building decentralized applications (dapps). Today, all transaction details — including balances, transfer amounts, and contract states — are publicly visible onchain; this makes blockchain unusable for many institutional and consumer applications requiring privacy, which is the standard in the world of finance.

The lack of confidentiality is a big obstacle to the mass adoption of dapps, which is crucially the next frontier for blockchain. The past few years have seen a big focus on building stable  infrastructures: now it’s time to build upon those infrastructures and create applications that can realise the full potential of blockchain. The key to unlocking this potential is a solution that combines the best of both worlds, shifting the conversation from “transparency VS confidentiality” to “transparency + confidentiality”, as the web did when moving from HTTP to HTTPS.

Solving the dilemma: the Zama Confidential Blockchain Protocol

Transparency, while foundational to consensus, comes at the cost of privacy. It is with the intention to overcome this problem that Zama’s team has been working tirelessly for the past couple of years. An open-source cryptography company building state-of-the-art FHE solutions for blockchain, Zama has long identified Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) – a technology that enables processing data without decrypting it – as the groundbreaking technique that can change the way users, businesses and organizations think about privacy.

From the start, blockchain seemed the perfect environment to dive into and develop the full potential of FHE, a long and complex exploration culminating with the launch of the Zama Confidential Blockchain Protocol.

The Zama Protocol resolves the longstanding tension between transparency and confidentiality onchain. Combining FHE coprocessors, threshold Multi-Party Computation (MPC), and Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs), the protocol enables private computation in public environments.

This is the most complete confidentiality protocol to date, allowing developers to code fully confidential smart contracts using familiar tools like Solidity without modifying the underlying blockchain by offering a few key elements:

  • End-to-end encryption of transaction inputs and state
  • Composability between confidential contracts, as well as with non-confidential ones
  • Programmable privacy, with smart contracts defining who can decrypt what, making it easy to build dapps that comply with regulations globally

As outlined in the Zama Protocol Litepaper, the protocol introduces a novel cross-chain confidentiality layer that can operate on top of existing blockchains. With these characteristics, the Zama Protocol enables confidential smart contracts to run seamlessly across any Layer 1 or Layer 2 network, extending privacy guarantees without altering the underlying infrastructure.

Beyond FHE

The Zama Protocol heavily leverages the ability to securely compute directly on encrypted data. For this reason, FHE has long been considered the “holy grail” of cryptography, despite slow speed and limitations to ease of use: this is why Zama’s team has worked to deliver a technology that can support any type of application, using common programming languages such as Solidity and Python, while being over 100x faster than a few years ago.

With the goal to create a game-changing comprehensive protocol meeting all the requirements to deliver a fully confidential blockchain, the team worked outside the familiar confines of FHE. As the main component powering the protocol, Zama’s library FHEVM makes it possible to run confidential smart contracts on encrypted data: combining this with MPC to ensure secure collaboration and ZK for verifiability, Zama looks to overcome the main shortcomings of each individual solution.

Unlocking new possibilities

One of the main motivations behind Zama’s dedication to this project is the growing demand for privacy-preserving primitives in blockchain. Whilst there is an increasing interest for solutions from confidential token transfers to stablecoins, from private DeFi to privacy-preserving identity and compliance, none of these can currently be safely deployed on public chains without confidentiality guarantees.

  • Finance & Banking: Secure transaction processing, risk modeling, and confidential onchain payments, making blockchain technology suitable for financial institutions.
  • Confidential DeFi: Private smart contracts and dapps apps that fully protect user data.
  • FHE State OS & Network States: Strong confidentiality for onchain communities and network states, supporting democratic governance while protecting sensitive information.
  • End-to-End Encrypted Transactions & State: All data in transactions is encrypted and never exposed, ensuring complete confidentiality.
  • Onchain Composability & Data Availability: Smart contract states are continuously updated while remaining fully encrypted, preserving both composability and privacy.

Thanks to this approach, adopters of the Zama Protocol can enjoy all the advantages of the different techniques without limitations: verifiability, decentralization, scalability, composability, security and, crucially, ease of use for developers.

To usher in what aims to be a revolution for onchain privacy with its protocol, Zama has launched a public testnet (read more about it on the official Zama Protocol documentation), providing developers with a ready-to-build foundation for privacy-preserving decentralized applications. This will allow anyone to deploy and test their confidential dapps, as well as enabling operators to coordinate and get used to the operations.

Disclaimer: The above article is sponsored content; it’s written by a third party. CryptoPotato doesn’t endorse or assume responsibility for the content, advertising, products, quality, accuracy, or other materials on this page. Nothing in it should be construed as financial advice. Readers are strongly advised to verify the information independently and carefully before engaging with any company or project mentioned and do their own research. Investing in cryptocurrencies carries a risk of capital loss, and readers are also advised to consult a professional before making any decisions that may or may not be based on the above-sponsored content.

Readers are also advised to read CryptoPotato’s full disclaimer.

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Bitcoin Price Analysis: BTC at Risk of Pullback as New ATH Hopes Diminish

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Bitcoin has slightly lost its bullish steam upon nearing the $111K all-time high, with strong selling pressure emerging at this key level.

The price continues to struggle in reclaiming this threshold, signaling a likely period of consolidation or corrective movement in the days ahead.

Technical Analysis

By ShayanMarkets

The Daily Chart

Bitcoin’s bullish rally toward its all-time high of $111K has shown signs of exhaustion, with the price losing momentum near this key resistance. The inability to reclaim the previous high around $110K suggests the potential formation of a double-top pattern, a classic bearish reversal signal.

Currently, BTC is consolidating within a critical price range, bounded by the $111K ATH and a fair value gap between $103K and $104K. Given the visible weakness in bullish momentum, a short-term rejection and further consolidation within this zone are likely. That said, the FVG may act as a significant demand zone, potentially halting any deeper corrections and providing the base for another upward attempt toward the $111K mark.

The 4-Hour Chart

On the 4-hour timeframe, BTC failed to print a new higher high above $110K, encountering notable rejection at this resistance. This price action confirms the presence of heightened selling pressure and distribution behavior near the ATH zone, reinforcing $111K as a key barrier.

Bitcoin now trades between two prominent liquidity zones: one just below $105K and the other above $110K. These liquidity pools are attractive targets for institutional players and could drive price volatility in the short term. As such, a range-bound movement is expected between these levels until a decisive breakout occurs, likely triggered by a liquidity sweep in either direction.

Sentiment Analysis

By ShayanMarkets

Over the past 45 days, taker users on Binance Derivatives have persistently engaged in sell-side activity. Despite this, Bitcoin has remained range-bound between $100K and $110K, while the Cumulative Volume Delta (CVD) has shown a consistent negative trend throughout the period.

The CVD, which measures the net flow of buy and sell volume in real time, highlights a clear dominance of aggressive selling pressure. However, the price’s ability to hold steady, without further decline, points to a potential absorption phase, likely directed by institutional investors or large-scale players quietly accumulating.

This ongoing divergence between persistent sell-side flow and stable price action suggests that Bitcoin may be forming a strong base. If the current structure holds, with continued absorption within the range, the likelihood of a bullish breakout increases, potentially setting the stage for a renewed uptrend.

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Disclaimer: Information found on CryptoPotato is those of writers quoted. It does not represent the opinions of CryptoPotato on whether to buy, sell, or hold any investments. You are advised to conduct your own research before making any investment decisions. Use provided information at your own risk. See Disclaimer for more information.

Cryptocurrency charts by TradingView.

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