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Egyptian pound steadies after devaluation, IMF deal

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Egyptian pound steadies after devaluation, IMF deal
© Reuters. FILE PHOTO: People wait on line to withdraw money from ATM machines at Banque Misr in Cairo, Egypt, March 6, 2024. REUTERS/Amr Abdallah Dalsh/File Photo

By Nafisa Eltahir

CAIRO (Reuters) -Egypt’s pound held steady on Thursday, a day after the central bank let the currency plunge and announced a shift to a more flexible exchange rate system as Cairo secured an expanded $8 billion programme with the International Monetary Fund.

The pound hovered in the same range around 49.5 to the dollar it had settled at near closing on Wednesday, LSEG data showed. Before Wednesday’s de-facto devaluation and a steep interest rate hike, the central bank had held the currency for about a year at just under 31 pounds to the dollar.

A more flexible exchange rate, long a key demand from the IMF, is seen as crucial for restoring investor confidence in an economy that has been hobbled for the last two years by a foreign currency shortage.

The shortage has curbed local business activity and led to backlogs at ports and delays in commodity payments.

Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly said Egypt was planning on big deals to ensure liquidity and would work with merchants to stabilise prices and prioritise foreign currency access for basic commodity importers as the currency shift takes effect.

Egypt’s international bonds, which had soared on Wednesday before falling back, declined further on Thursday, with the 2033 note down 1.62 cents on the dollar to 81.81 cents, according to Tradeweb data.

Overall, Egypt’s sovereign bond prices were trading at early March levels.

‘ENOUGH AND MORE’

Egypt has promised a move to a more flexible exchange rate system in the past, only to resume holding the currency at a fixed rate, while much of the economy depended on a black market rate that fell as low as 70 pounds.

Central bank governor Hassan Abdalla described the black market trading as a “disease” that reflected a lack of trust in the financial system.

“Thankfully, I can stand here today and say we have enough to fulfil our obligations and more,” he told reporters at a rare press conference late on Wednesday.

The central bank would still have the ability to intervene, as in other countries, in the case of excess volatility, Abdalla said.

The IMF, which agreed to add $5 billion to its existing $3 billion loan programme with Egypt, has said it is looking for a sustainable and unified exchange rate that was determined by the market.

Under the programme, Egypt has committed to undertake structural reforms to stabilise prices, manage the debt burden and encourage private-sector growth.

Abdalla said that following a 600 basis point hike on Wednesday, Egyptian interest rates, long amongst the highest globally, would now be on a “downward track.”

‘IRON FIST’

The pound’s devaluation and the agreement with the IMF come two weeks after Egypt signed an investment deal with Emirati sovereign fund ADQ that includes $24 billion payment for rights to develop a prime stretch of Mediterranean coastline.

It also includes the conversion of $11 billion in existing deposits to be used for unspecified projects across Egypt. The Egyptian government said the total of $35 billion would be transferred within two months.

Since early 2022, when the foreign currency shortage worsened, the pound has now lost more than two thirds of its value against the dollar in a series of staggered devaluations.

The war in Gaza and attacks on Red Sea shipping have put at risk receipts from tourism and Suez Canal traffic, two other main sources of hard currency, though officials say tourist numbers rose at the start of this year.

Remittances from Egyptians working abroad, the country’s top single source of foreign currency, slowed sharply last year amid expectations that the pound would fall.

Madbouly said on Thursday that the interior ministry would use an “iron fist” against traders who were channelling remittances outside the banking system.

Forex

Dollar pushes higher; Fed speakers in focus

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Investing.com – The U.S. dollar edged higher Wednesday, bouncing from recent weakness with a number of Fed officials set to speak.

At 04:20 ET (08:20 GMT), the Dollar Index, which tracks the greenback against a basket of six other currencies, traded 0.2% higher at 105.500, climbing away from last week’s roughly one-month low.

More Fed speak awaits

The dollar received a minor boost late Tuesday after Minneapolis Fed boss suggested that stubborn inflation and a robust economy could persuade the U.S. central bank to keep interest rates unchanged for the rest of this year.

The path of U.S. interest rates continues to dominate the market’s attention, and with no top tier U.S. economic data due this week the opinions of policymakers take on added importance.

Fed Chair basically ruled out more tightening last week, but there exists a great deal of uncertainty over when a move lower will occur.

Investors have no shortage of Fed officials to look forward to on Wednesday, with Vice Chair , Governor and Boston Fed President all due to speak.

Morgan Stanley now expects the Fed to start lowering interest rates from September, compared to its earlier forecast of July, while continuing to see three 25-basis-point rate cuts through the year.

“A reversal in key components points to disinflation ahead, but given the lack of progress in recent months it will take a bit longer for the FOMC to gain confidence to take the first step,” the bank said in a note dated May 7.

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German economy “still struggling”

In Europe, traded 0.2% lower to 1.0736, after data showed that declined 0.4% in March on a monthly basis.

“The renewed contraction in industrial production in March after two months of expansion is a reminder that the German economy is still struggling,” said analysts at Capital Economics.

The has signalled a rate cut in June, but there remains a great deal of uncertainty over what happens with monetary policy after this.

traded 0.3% lower to 1.2473, ahead of Thursday’s meeting of the .

The U.K. central bank is not expected to change interest rates this week, there’s speculation that it may guide markets towards a cut as soon as next month – shortly after the ECB is expected to cut on June 6.

Yen falls despite intervention talk

In Asia, rose 0.4% to 155.35, with the yen weakening, moving back towards 34-year highs of over 160 hit last week, even as government officials kept up their warnings of more potential intervention in currency markets. 

Bank of Japan Governor Kazuo Ueda said on Wednesday the central bank may take monetary policy action if yen declines affect prices significantly, while the country’s Finance Minister Shunichi Suzuki repeated a warning that authorities were ready to respond to excessively volatile moves in the currency market.

fell 0.4% to 0.6568, extending steep declines from the prior session after the struck a less hawkish tone than traders were expecting.

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While the RBA held rates steady and warned that inflation will remain sticky in the coming months, it stopped short of threatening to hike rates further – a scenario that had been priced into the Aussie in the lead-up to the meeting. 

 

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Asia FX weakens, dollar firms as markets rethink rate cuts

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Investing.com– Most Asian currencies weakened on Wednesday, while the dollar firmed as comments from Federal Reserve officials saw markets rethink expectations for U.S. interest rate cuts.

The Japanese yen remained an underperformer among its peers, weakening against the dollar even as government officials kept up their warnings of more potential intervention in currency markets. 

Underperformance in the Australian dollar also persisted after the Reserve Bank of Australia struck a less hawkish chord than expected on Tuesday. 

Japanese yen weakens, USDJPY rises despite intervention threats 

The Japanese yen’s pair- which is inversely representative of strength in the yen- rose 0.3% and past the 155 level, moving back towards 34-year highs of over 160 hit last week. 

The pair had tumbled from those levels after the Japanese government seemingly intervened in currency markets on two separate occasions, while some weakness in the dollar also aided the yen.

But with markets now questioning the outlook for interest rate cuts in the U.S., traders resumed their speculation against the yen, even as Japanese officials warned against sustained weakness in the currency. 

Australian dollar extends losses after less hawkish RBA 

The Australian dollar’s pair fell 0.4% on Wednesday, extending steep declines from the prior session after the RBA struck a less hawkish tone than traders were expecting.

While the RBA and warned that inflation will remain sticky in the coming months, it stopped short of threatening to hike rates further- a scenario that had been priced into the Aussie in the lead-up to the meeting. 

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While the RBA did also imply that rates will remain high for longer, markets priced out expectations of rate hikes from the Australian dollar, which had hit a near two-month high before Tuesday’s meeting. 

Still, losses in the Aussie are expected to be limited as interest rates remain near 12-year highs, potentially for the rest of 2024. 

Dollar strengthens as Fed officials cool rate cut bets 

The and rose 0.1% in Asian trade, extending overnight gains after a slew of Fed officials warned that U.S. rates were more likely to remain unchanged for the rest of the year.

While softer-than-expected data from last week spurred some bets on a September rate cut, a slew of Fed officials warned this week that sticky inflation was likely to give the bank more reason to keep rates static.

This rhetoric boosted the dollar and weighed on most risk-driven assets, with Asian currencies seeing sustained weakness.

The Chinese yuan’s pair rose 0.1%, with markets awaiting trade data for April, due on Thursday, for more cues on Asia’s biggest economy.

The South Korean won’s pair jumped 0.5%, while the Singapore dollar’s pair added 0.1%.

The Indian rupee’s pair remained in sight of record highs above 83.5, with the currency set to experience increased volatility amid the 2024 general elections.

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Bank of Japan issues stronger warning over yen’s impact on policy

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By Leika Kihara and Satoshi Sugiyama

TOKYO (Reuters) -The Bank of Japan may take monetary policy action if yen falls affect prices significantly, governor Kazuo Ueda said on Wednesday, offering the strongest hint to date the currency’s relentless declines could trigger another interest rate hike.

Ueda also said the BOJ could raise interest rates sooner than expected if inflation overshoots its forecasts, or risks to the price outlook increases.

Finance Minister Shunichi Suzuki voiced “strong concern” on Wednesday over the negative impact of a weak yen, such as boosting import costs, and repeated Tokyo’s readiness to intervene in the market to prop up the sagging currency.

The remarks, which followed a meeting between Ueda and Prime Minister Fumio Kishida on Tuesday, underscore the resolve of the government and central bank to cooperate in keeping damaging yen falls in check.

“We need to be mindful of the risk that the impact of currency volatility on inflation is becoming bigger than in the past,” as firms are already becoming more keen to raise prices and wages, Ueda told parliament on Wednesday.

“Exchange-rate moves could have a big impact on the economy and prices, so there’s a chance we may need to respond with monetary policy,” he said.

The remarks compared with those Ueda made after the BOJ’s policy meeting on April 26, when he said the yen’s recent falls did not have an immediate impact on trend inflation.

Ueda’s post-meeting comments have been cited by some traders as having accelerated the yen’s declines by heightening market expectations the BOJ will hold off on raising interest rates from current levels around zero for some time.

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After the yen hit a 34-year low of 160.245 per dollar on April 29, Japanese authorities are suspected to have spent more than 9 trillion yen ($58.4 billion) intervening in the market last week to prop up the currency.

The dollar stood at 155.40 yen on Wednesday, creeping up from a roughly one-month high of 151.86 on May 3.

ON TRACK FOR RATE HIKES

Speaking at a seminar later on Wednesday, Ueda said “sharp, one-sided” yen falls were undesirable as they hurt the economy.

He also said trend inflation was moving “firmly” towards the BOJ’s 2% target as a virtuous wage-inflation cycle becomes more solid, highlighting the central bank’s conviction that conditions for additional rate hikes were falling into place.

The BOJ will “adjust the degree of monetary accommodation” – code for rate hikes, according to BOJ watchers – if trend inflation accelerates toward its 2% target as it projects, Ueda said, signaling the chance of raising rates in the near-term and in several stages in coming years.

“If inflation overshoots our forecasts or if upside risks become high, it will be appropriate for us to adjust interest rates earlier,” he said.

“On the other hand, if inflation undershoots or downside risks heighten, we must maintain current accommodative financial conditions for a longer period.”

The BOJ ended negative interest rates and other remnants of its radical stimulus in March. Many market players expect the BOJ to raise rates from current levels around zero sometime later this year.

On the BOJ’s bond buying, Ueda said the central bank will maintain the size of purchases for the time being to scrutinise how markets absorb its March policy shift.

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All the same, he said it was appropriate to reduce the size of bond purchases in the future.

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