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Forex

Explainer-What would Japanese intervention to boost a weak yen look like?

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By Leika Kihara

TOKYO (Reuters) – Japanese authorities are facing renewed pressure to combat a sustained depreciation in the yen, as traders drive down the currency on expectations that any further interest rate hikes by the central bank will be slow in forthcoming.

The yen rallied after Tokyo issued on Wednesday its strongest warning to date on the chance of imminent intervention, coming off a 34-year low of 151.97 to the dollar hit earlier in the day.

Below are details on how yen-buying intervention works:

LAST CONFIRMED YEN-BUYING INTERVENTION?

Japan bought yen in September 2022, its first foray in the market to boost its currency since 1998, after a Bank of Japan (BOJ) decision to maintain its ultra-loose monetary policy drove the yen as low as 145 per dollar. It intervened again in October after the yen plunged to a 32-year low of 151.94.

WHY STEP IN?

Yen-buying intervention is rare. Far more often the Ministry of Finance has sold yen to prevent its rise from hurting the export-reliant economy by making Japanese goods less competitive overseas.

But yen weakness is now seen as problematic, with Japanese firms having shifted production overseas and the economy heavily reliant on imports for goods ranging from fuel and raw materials to machinery parts.

WHAT HAPPENS FIRST?

When Japanese authorities escalate their verbal warnings to say they “stand ready to act decisively” against speculative moves, that is a sign intervention may be imminent.

Rate checking by the BOJ – when central bank officials call dealers and ask for buying or selling rates for the yen – is seen by traders as a possible precursor to intervention.

WHAT HAPPENED SO FAR?

Finance Minister Shunichi Suzuki told reporters on Wednesday that authorities could take “decisive steps” against yen weakness – language he hasn’t used since the 2022 intervention.

Hours later, Japanese authorities held an emergency meeting to discuss the weak yen. The meeting is usually held as a symbolic gesture to markets that authorities are concerned about rapid currency moves.

After the meeting, Japan’s top currency diplomat Masato Kanda said recent yen moves were too rapid and out of line with fundamentals, suggesting Tokyo saw enough reason to intervene to arrest further declines in the currency.

LINE IN THE SAND?

Authorities say they look at the speed of yen falls, rather than levels, and whether the moves are driven by speculators, to determine whether to step into the currency market.

With the dollar having breached levels that triggered intervention in 2022, market players see a sharp move above 152 yen as the next threshold, then 155 yen.

WHAT’S THE TRIGGER?

The decision is highly political. When public anger over the weak yen and a subsequent rise in the cost of living is high, that puts pressure on the administration to respond. This was the case when Tokyo intervened in 2022.

If the yen’s slide accelerates and draws the ire of media and public, the chance of intervention would rise again.

The decision would not be easy. Intervention is costly and could easily fail, given that even a large burst of yen buying would pale next to the $7.5 trillion that change hands daily in the foreign exchange market.

HOW WOULD IT WORK?

When Japan intervenes to stem yen rises, the Ministry of Finance issues short-term bills, raising yen it then sells to weaken the Japanese currency.

To support the yen, however, the authorities must tap Japan’s foreign reserves for dollars to sell for yen.

In either case, the finance minister issues the order to intervene and the BOJ executes the order as the ministry’s agent.

CHALLENGES?

Yen-buying intervention is more difficult than yen-selling.

While Japan holds nearly $1.3 trillion in foreign reserves, these could be substantially eroded if Tokyo intervened heavily repeatedly, leaving authorities constrained over how long they can defend the yen.

Japanese authorities also consider it important to seek the support of Group of Seven partners, notably the United States if the intervention involves the dollar.

© Reuters. A worker holds samples of new Japanese yen banknotes at a factory of the National Printing Bureau producing Bank of Japan notes at a media event about the new notes scheduled to be introduced in 2024, in Tokyo, Japan, November 21, 2022. REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon/File Photo

Washington gave tacit approval when Japan intervened in 2022, reflecting recent close bilateral relations. There is uncertainty on whether the same will happen when Japan next considers intervention.

A looming U.S. presidential election may discourage Japanese authorities from stepping in, given the risk of drawing unwanted attention and criticism from Washington as market meddling.

Forex

Sterling slips as BoE holds rates; hawkish BOJ policymakers pause yen slide

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By Joice Alves

LONDON (Reuters) -The pound slipped on Thursday after the Bank of England paved the way for an interest rate reduction as a second official backed a cut, while hawkish opinions from Bank of Japan members helped slow the yen’s fall.

The rose as traders started to focus on U.S. inflation data due next week and its implications for Federal Reserve policy.

The BoE held its benchmark interest rate at 5.25%, as expected, but a second official on the Monetary Policy Committee backed a cut, in what was seen as another step towards the bank lowering interest rates.

BoE officials voted 7-2 to keep rates at a 16-year high. Deputy Governor Dave Ramsden joined Swati Dhingra in voting for a cut to 5%.

Sterling later steadied on the day at $1.2505, recovering losses after hitting a two-week low immediately after the BoE’s policy decision.

Investors have been watching for signs to firm their expectations on when cuts could come.

“It’s likely that we will need to cut bank rates over the coming quarters and make monetary policy somewhat less restrictive over the forecast period, possibly more so than currently priced into market rates,” BoE Governor Andrew Bailey told journalists.

He added that more data will be available before a BoE decision for the June meeting is made.

Money markets see a 75% chance of a first cut in August, with the odds of such a move coming in June at a 45% chance.

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“Sterling is recovering some of the fall made on the back of the BoE’s policy statement,” said Jane Foley, Head of FX Strategy at Rabobank.

“The dovish overtones will spark more optimism that the Bank may be ready to cut rates in June, though we expect that services sector inflation will result in a steady policy outcome until August”.

Elsewhere, the dollar has been slowly inching up against the Japanese yen after it fell 3.4% last week, its biggest weekly percentage drop since early December 2022.

The yen was flat on the day at 155.62 per dollar, with the Japanese currency briefly finding some support in the BOJ’s summary of opinions released on Thursday. The summary showed board members were overwhelmingly hawkish at their April policy meeting, with many calling for steady interest rate hikes.

The “BOJ appears to be hinting at the next rate hike, which could come in June or July as final results of wage negotiations come out,” said Charu Chanana, head of currency strategy at Saxo.

In the U.S., last week’s Fed policy meeting and weaker than forecast U.S. jobs growth have markets increasing bets for two rate cuts this year. But a chasm remains between Japan’s ultra-low yields and those in the United States.

Japan’s top currency diplomat Masato Kanda on Thursday reiterated a warning that Tokyo is ready to take action in the currency market.

Market players suspect Tokyo spent some $60 billion last week to stem the yen’s slide after it hit its weakest in 34-years against the dollar around 160 yen.

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The dollar index, which measures the greenback against a basket of currencies including the yen and the euro, edged 0.04% lower to 105.46, having touched a one-week high earlier.

Traders will be closely watching April U.S. producer price index (PPI) and the consumer price index (CPI) out next week for signs that inflation has resumed its downward trend toward the Fed’s 2% target rate.

China’s was about flat on the day at 7.2278, as data revealed China’s exports and imports returned to growth in April after contracting in the previous month.

That could mean a potential delay for rate cuts some analysts believe China would need to make to meet its 2024 GDP goal.

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Dollar edges higher, helped by hawkish Fed speakers ; Sterling slips ahead of BOE

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Investing.com – The U.S. dollar edged higher Thursday, trading in a tight range ahead of next week’s all-important U.S. inflation data, while the pound slipped ahead of the Bank of England’s policy-setting meeting.

At 04:35 ET (08:35 GMT), the Dollar Index, which tracks the greenback against a basket of six other currencies, traded 0.2% higher at 105.605, rebounding after last week’s one-month low.

Tight trading range ahead of US CPI

The dollar has steadied this week, after last week’s sharp losses, after a number of Fed officials have pushed back against the idea that rate cuts are a certainty this year.

Minneapolis Fed boss suggested on Tuesday that stubborn inflation and a robust economy could persuade the U.S. central bank to keep interest rates unchanged for the rest of this year.

Fed Bank of Boston President continued the theme on Wednesday, saying that the U.S. economy needs to cool to return inflation back to target.

There are more speakers due both Thursday and Friday, as well as weekly data. 

However, trading ranges are likely to be limited ahead of next week’s April U.S. and, in particular, the , which traders will watch for signs that inflation has resumed its downward trend toward the Fed’s 2% target rate.

Sterling slips ahead of BOE meeting

In Europe, traded 0.2% lower to 1.2475, ahead of the latest rate-setting meeting.

The U.K. central bank is not expected to move interest rates later Thursday, and thus the big question is whether the officials signal that a cut will come in June, when the European Central Bank has already signalled it will.

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A cut is fully priced for August and last week sterling short positions rose to their largest since January 2023, so sterling could be volatile if post-meeting guidance doesn’t match up to the market’s expectations.

In Europe, traded 0.1% lower to 1.0732, trading largely unchanged given a light data calendar.

“It’s hard to see EUR/USD breaking far from 1.0750, unless the BoE is demonstrably dovish and GBP/USD drags EUR/USD lower with it,” said ana;ysts at ING, in a note.

Yen drifts lower despite rate hike talk

In Asia, rose 0.3% to 155.87, with the yen remaining weak despite hawkish opinions from Bank of Japan’s members.

The BOJ’s summary of opinions released earlier Thursday showed board members were overwhelmingly hawkish at their April policy meeting with many calling for steady interest rate hikes.

BOJ Governor Kazuo Ueda also warned that any inflationary pressures arising from weakness in the yen could invite monetary tightening by the central bank.

That said, the yen has still resumed its decline even after a couple bouts of suspected intervention.

rose 0.1% to 7.2260, with the yuan struggling to maintain earlier gains after data showed Chinese grew substantially more than expected in April, signaling some strength in domestic demand.

 

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Asia FX muted, Japanese yen pauses losses after BOJ warning

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Investing.com– Most Asian currencies moved in a flat-to-low range on Thursday as markets sought more cues on U.S. interest rates from Federal Reserve officials and upcoming inflation data. 

The Japanese yen saw some resilience, with the pair pausing its recent decline after somewhat hawkish comments from the Bank of Japan. Traders were also on guard over any more intervention in currency markets by the government. 

Broader Asian currencies were muted as the dollar rebounded from recent losses this week, as a string of Fed officials warned that sticky inflation was likely to keep interest rates high for longer. 

Japanese yen pauses losses, USDJPY hovers above 155

The Japanese yen’s USDJPY pair- which is inversely representative of strength in the yen- hovered around the mid-155s on Thursday, pausing its recent run of losses.

The pause came after BOJ Governor Kazuo Ueda warned that any inflationary pressures arising from weakness in the yen could invite monetary tightening by the central bank- changing his stance after stating last month that the yen’s recent declines did not directly impact inflation.

Ueda’s comments were sufficient in stemming losses in the yen, which was weakening even after the Japanese government seemingly intervened in currency markets last week.

Still, data for March spurred doubts over just how much headroom the BOJ actually had to tighten policy. 

Chinese yuan trims losses as imports surge

The Chinese yuan’s trimmed some intraday gains after data showed Chinese grew substantially more than expected in April, signaling some strength in domestic demand.

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While also beat expectations, the spike in imports saw China’s grow less than expected. Still, the trade balance grew from a four-month low hit in the prior month. 

While increased imports usually bode poorly for currencies, the yuan was supported by optimism over a potential economic recovery in China, which was supporting local consumption. 

Dollar steadies with Fed speakers, inflation data on tap 

Broader Asian currencies were muted, as the and steadied after a strong rebound this week. 

Focus was squarely on more Fed speakers on Thursday and Friday, as well as key data due next week.

Doubts over U.S. interest rates kept most Asian currencies trading sideways on Thursday. The Australian dollar’s pair rose less than 0.1%, while the Singapore dollar’s and the South Korean won’s pairs were flat.

The Indian rupee’s pair moved little, but remained in sight of record highs hit in late-April.

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