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Garbled Circuits 101: What Could They Enable for Blockchain Privacy?

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Blockchains were originally designed to be transparent, with every wallet and transaction on public display. Many supporters see this ‘trustlessness’ as a strength, but there are some obvious drawbacks, such as the security risk of having all of your financial activity available on-chain.

We can see this in the rates of illicit activity around blockchain, with bad actors accounting for $39.6bn of transaction volume in 2022.

We are also seeing a growing tactic of frontrunning for personal gain, where users with the technical skills to do so, reorder trades before they are committed to a block. By doing this they can ensure their own trades are always profitable.

These are just two examples of why transparency is often seen as a bug, and it’s also why the search for blockchain privacy is heating up. We are now seeing a flurry of innovation within the ecosystem to push for privacy solutions, arguably the last frontier for blockchain.

Blockchain Privacy Solutions

You may already be familiar with Zero-Knowledge proofs or ZKPs, one of the first blockchain privacy solutions to gain widespread adoption. ZKPs allow data to be shared between two parties without revealing any sensitive information. However, they fall short when handling more complex computations.

In many instances blockchain applications need multiple parties to compute solutions together, known as Multi Party Computation (MPC). This is where Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) came into play. About four years ago, FHE emerged as an elegant solution to solve the MPC problem. FHE enables multiple parties to carry out computations on encrypted data without needing to disclose or know the underlying data points in order to retrieve the end result. However, FHE faces significant scaling issues given its high computing costs.

Garbled Circuits, High-speed, Lightweight Blockchain Privacy

Garbled Circuits – a technology developed by Soda Labs and implemented exclusive by COTI – aims to solve the MPC problem with much lower costs to run and far better performance.

In essence Garbled Circuits can be used to make confidential multi-party computations of varying complexity with any number of participants providing inputs. This makes it suitable for complex applications on blockchain protocols including private smart contracts. However, tweaks to the technology today mean that it is less computationally intensive, giving it the ability to scale.

How do Garbled Circuits work?

The concept of Garbled Circuits actually dates back to the late 80s, when it was proposed as a solution to Yao’s Millionaires’ Problem by famous cryptographer Andrew Yao. Imagine that there are two millionaires, Alice and Bob, who want to know who between the two of them has more money. The problem is that no one wants to reveal how much they have exactly. Instead of revealing the amount of money each of them has, they can solve their dispute with the help of Garbled Circuits.

Alice and Bob each write down their net worth in encrypted text, as a string of letters and numbers. Both of them put this piece of paper into a black box, and after a split second, a piece of paper is ejected with the name of the richer person. In this example, the black box is the Garbled Circuit, a powerful computer program that can perform complex calculations on encrypted data without leaking any information.

Garbled Circuits introduce new levels of confidentiality to Web3, protecting data and metadata to enable confidential payments, private/blind auctions and the secure management of sensitive information on-chain without sacrificing performance. COTI has demonstrated the technology’s effectiveness ahead of its integration with Ethereum-based Layer-2 network, COTI V2, which launched in April.

Web3 Use Cases for Garbled Circuits

As blockchain applications grow more complex, a privacy solution is needed that can handle secure MPC without any limit to the number of inputs. In these instances, Garbled Circuits have huge potential.

Confidential DeFI: Garbled Circuits enable confidential transactions, allowing Decentralized Finance (DeFi) apps to maintain regulatory requirements while solving losses from MEV by encrypting transaction data, shielding them from sandwich bots. Just some of the DeFi use cases of GC include private Automated Market Makers (AMMs), undercollateralized lending, dark pools and hybrid exchanges. These can leverage both centralized and decentralized elements while keeping trade details confidential.

Dynamic Decentralized Identification (DID): Garbled Circuits facilitate identity verification and personal information sharing, calculation, and storage without revealing actual data to other parties, ensuring KYC compliance while maintaining user privacy. For instance, decentralized lenders can now establish someone’s suitability for a loan without the individual exposing their wallet address or personal information. The GC breakthrough preserves privacy whilst fulfilling regulatory requirements.

On-Chain Sensitive Data Management: Garbled Circuits allow for encrypted data storage on-chain, enabling analysis of sensitive information without compromising privacy. Data can be safely shared across sites, preventing companies from scraping and selling it. Some of the applications that become possible include confidential on-chain voting systems and healthcare services. By storing encrypted data on-chain, GC satisfies stringent data protection standards whilst still providing the benefits of blockchain data storage and analysis.

One of the main characteristics of Garbled Circuits is their efficiency. Benchmark tests have shown that Garbled Circuits are much faster, lighter and cost-effective  than any other privacy-preserving technology available today. This makes GC highly scalable, ensuring that the technology can grow alongside expanding markets such as Real World Assets (RWA) and Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Confidential Transactions for Payments, Stablecoins and RWA. Garbled Circuits maintains fund flow transparency while encrypting transaction details, ensuring regulatory compliance for payments, stablecoins, and real-world assets (RWA). RWAs include assets like real estate, commodities and securities that require high levels of privacy. GCs ability to ensure privacy, meet regulatory requirements, enhance security, and scale efficiently makes them an ideal choice.

Confidential Machine Learning & AI. Garbled Circuits also enables secure, private interactions with AI and large language models (LLMs), safeguarding data model confidentiality and data source privacy as required by law. GC can be used to enable decentralized and democratic ML model development and opens up new possibilities for privacy-focussed data marketplaces allowing researchers and businesses to work with datasets without exposing sensitive information.

Summary

To summarize, Garbled Circuits are revolutionizing privacy in blockchain applications, offering solutions that cater to various sectors, including DeFi, identity management, sensitive data handling, and AI. With their increased performance and scalability over other privacy solutions like FHE, Garbled Circuits are set to play a pivotal role in the future of Web3.

Authored by: Shafah Ban-Geffen, CEO and CO-Founder of COTI

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Bitcoin Price Analysis: Is New ATH Next for BTC After Surging Past $100K?

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Bitcoin has just broken above the $100K psychological level for the first time in months, and the momentum has shifted clearly in favor of the buyers.

With the price climbing sharply and on-chain metrics aligning, the current leg suggests bullish continuation, but there are still some key levels to monitor.

Technical Analysis

The Daily Chart

On the daily timeframe, BTC has pushed through the $100K resistance level and is now hovering around the $103K mark. This breakout came after a clean reclaim of both the 100-day and 200-day moving averages and a retest of the ascending trendline that’s been respected over the last months.

Moreover, the RSI is firmly in overbought territory, currently above 75, indicating strong bullish momentum, although it also warns of a possible short-term cooldown. If the breakout is sustained, the next visible resistance level will be around $108K, while the $99K zone will now act as a new key support.

The 4-Hour Chart

Investigating the 4H-chart, we can see the breakout from a rising wedge that had been forming for over a week. Price first broke above the $97K–$98K range, and exploded toward the $103K area.

Momentum indicators like RSI confirm strength, although we now see early signs of short-term exhaustion. This suggests a possible retest of the breakout zone around $100K or even $98K before continuation. Yet, as of now, the overall structure favors further upside unless the $96K–$97K zone fails to hold.

Onchain Analysis

Exchange Reserve

From an on-chain perspective, exchange reserves continue to plunge, making a new multi-year low. This ongoing decline reinforces the long-term bullish thesis: less BTC available on exchanges typically reflects accumulation behavior and reduced selling pressure.

It also suggests that long-term holders are not eager to offload their coins even at these high levels. The macro trend of shrinking exchange balances supports the current breakout and adds confidence to the sustainability of the rally, even if we get short-term pullbacks.

 

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Disclaimer: Information found on CryptoPotato is those of writers quoted. It does not represent the opinions of CryptoPotato on whether to buy, sell, or hold any investments. You are advised to conduct your own research before making any investment decisions. Use provided information at your own risk. See Disclaimer for more information.

Cryptocurrency charts by TradingView.

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Bitcoin Bull Score Jumps to 80 as Spot Demand Fuels Optimism

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After months of price malaise, Bitcoin (BTC) is roaring back, having climbed past $103,000 today and signaling a shift in market sentiment.

According to CryptoQuant, the catalyst is a massive surge in spot demand, which has propelled Bitcoin’s Bull Score Index from a bearish 20 to a blazing 80, indicating one of the most bullish readings in over a year.

Market Sentiment Shift

The index comprises ten key on-chain metrics, including liquidity, network activity, and market inflows. Historically, flows above 60 have been associated with sustained rallies, while those below 40 have often signaled bear markets.

As recently as April 7, data from CryptoQuant shows Bitcoin’s Bull Score was languishing at 10, with prices struggling below $80,000. However, a steady climb in spot demand, fueled by ETF inflows and institutional interest, revitalized the market.

By April 26, the score had hit 40 as BTC reclaimed the $94,000 level, and this week’s jump to 80 comes alongside the crypto asset smashing through $100,000 for the first time since February.

Supporting this thesis, analytics firm Santiment recently reported that more than 344,000 new wallets had been created on the Bitcoin network over the past week, as retail FOMO kicked in. Such growth has often been witnessed during previous cycle tops, suggesting a wider demographic is now buying into BTC.

CryptoQuant CEO Ki Young Ju acknowledged the importance of the shift, posting on X earlier today:

“Two months ago, I said the bull cycle was over, but I was wrong… selling pressure is easing, and massive inflows are coming through ETFs.”

Ju noted that traditional sell-pressure triggers, like whale dumps, are now being offset by institutional demand. The relentless acquisition of Bitcoin by corporations like Strategy, spot ETFs, and even government interest, including the signing off on a national Bitcoin Strategic Reserve by U.S. President Donald Trump, has introduced unprecedented liquidity, making past cycle models less reliable.

“It’s time to throw out that cycle theory,” said the analyst. “The market is merging with TradFi, and institutional liquidity is overpowering traditional sell-off patterns.”

A Rally From April Lows

Meanwhile, price action tells its own story. Bitcoin is currently trading at $103,260, up some 3.5% in the last 24 hours. The asset has also rallied 33.7% over the past 30 days, while year-on-year, it’s increased almost 70%.

However, despite the impressive rebound, BTC still sits 5.2% below its all-time high of roughly $109,000 from earlier in the year.

Furthermore, Bitcoin’s 6.6% uptick across the week means that despite dominating altcoins with a 60.5% share of the sector, its performance lags slightly behind the broader crypto market, which grew 8.8% in the last week.

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Orderly Announces Retroactive 2.3M $esORDER Available to Claim for Solana Traders

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[PRESS RELEASE – Singapore, Republic of Singapore, May 9th, 2025]

Web3 liquidity layer Orderly has announced retroactive escrowed $ORDER tokens for Solana users. Traders who have used any Orderly-powered DEX on Solana will automatically earn the retrospective trading rewards, with more than 2.3M $esORDER (escrowed $ORDER) available to claim.

Traders who used any Orderly-powered DEX on Solana who visit Orderly’s Trading Rewards page can connect their wallet and claim their retroactive rewards. After claiming their share of 2.3M $esORDER, Solana users can elect to stake their tokens to participate in the $ORDER staking program or vest their $esORDER and convert it to $ORDER at a later date.

The retroactive $esORDER incentive has been accompanied by the launch of Orderly’s staking program on Solana. This allows Solana users to stake Orderly’s native token and receive trading rewards for fees accrued across its omnichain liquidity layer. The introduction of $ORDER staking on Solana allows network users to utilize their tokens to earn yield while supporting the growth of Orderly’s cross-chain trading infrastructure.

Orderly’s decision to launch its popular staking program on Solana follows the integration of its shared order book on the network earlier this year. This has allowed Solana traders and trading protocols to gain access to deep liquidity procured from across the omnichain landscape, including EVM networks. Orderly’s liquidity layer is now powering leading Solana DEXs, including Raydium.

Orderly CEO Ran Yi said, “Bit by bit, we’re breaking down the barriers that separate Solana from the Ethereum ecosystem. First by bringing our cross-chain orderbook to Solana, and now by following suit with $esORDER rewards to Orderly traders and the launch of $ORDER staking. This means that Solana users can now capture the upside to Orderly’s growing trading volume, both on their own chain and on the long tail of EVM networks that Orderly supports.”

The $ORDER staking program, which redirects 60% of all Orderly fees to holders who stake the native token, has proven extremely popular since its inception. More than 4,200 active stakers currently share in a portion of the more than $10M in fees that have been generated to date.

Through staking their tokens on Solana, $ORDER holders can earn a pro rata share of protocol fees generated not just on Solana but across all of the networks Orderly supports. Solana users who participate in the program will be eligible for a share of the same rewards pool currently open to EVM stakers while benefiting from Solana’s low fee environment.

The introduction of $ORDER staking on Solana reinforces Orderly’s commitment to building within the Solana ecosystem. Through supplying the liquidity for decentralized exchanges to offer superior pricing, Orderly aims to become the network’s preeminent DeFi solution for unified liquidity.

Solana users can now stake their native $ORDER tokens at https://app.orderly.network/staking, while $esORDER rewards will continue to be distributed to Solana traders using Orderly DEXs on a fortnightly basis.

About Orderly

Orderly is the infrastructure that lets people trade anything, anywhere via a permissionless liquidity layer that delivers deep, unified liquidity across all blockchains through a single orderbook. Orderly ensures robust liquidity across major chains such as Solana, Sonic, Arbitrum, Base, Mantle, Ethereum Mainnet, OP, and Polygon, and grants traders and exchanges access to over 100 markets through their unified trading infrastructure.

Learn more: https://orderly.network/

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