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Commonwealth leaders say ‘time has come’ for discussion on slavery reparations
By James Redmayne and Catarina Demony
APIA, Samoa (Reuters) -Commonwealth leaders, ending a week-long summit in Samoa, said on Saturday the time had come for a discussion on whether Britain should commit to reparations for its role in the transatlantic slave trade.
Slavery and the threat of climate change were major themes for representatives of the 56 countries in the group, most with roots in Britain’s empire, at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting that began in the Pacific Islands nation on Monday.
British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, whose country has long rejected calls for financial compensation for nations affected by slavery, said summit discussions were not “about money”.
On slavery, the leaders said in a joint statement they had “agreed that the time has come for a meaningful, truthful and respectful conversation towards forging a common future based on equity”.
The push for ex-colonial powers such as Britain to pay reparations or make other amends for slavery and its legacies has gained momentum worldwide, particularly among the Caribbean Community and the African Union.
The statement also made reference to “blackbirding”, a term for people from places including the Pacific Islands being deceived, coerced or kidnapped to work on plantations in Australia and elsewhere.
Those opposed to reparations say countries should not be held responsible for historical wrongs, while those in support say the legacy of slavery has led to vast and persistent racial inequality.
The joint statement did not mention what form reparations should take.
Starmer told a press conference the joint statement did two things: “It notes calls for discussion and it agrees that this is the time for a conversation.
“But I should be really clear here, in the two days we’ve been here, none of the discussions have been about money. Our position is very, very clear in relation to that,” he said.
Professor Kingsley Abbott, director of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies at the University of London, said the statement was a sign of a potentially historic breakthrough on the issue.
“The commitment to conversations on reparatory justice wedges open the door for dialogue, and now the hard work really begins,” said Abbott, who attended the summit.
The joint statement also referred to concern about “the severe consequences of the climate crisis, including rising temperatures and sea levels”.
In a boost for Pacific Islands such as Tuvalu under threat from rising seas, they issued the Commonwealth’s first Oceans Declaration, affirming that a nation’s maritime boundaries should remain fixed even if climate change causes small island states to be submerged.
Fixing maritime boundaries means atoll nations can continue to reap the economic benefit of vast fishing grounds, even if populations must migrate as dry land area is significantly reduced. The declaration bolsters momentum for international law to recognise the perpetual statehood of sinking island states.
More than half of the Commonwealth’s members are small nations, many of them low-lying islands at risk from rising sea levels caused by climate change.
NEW CHIEF
The Commonwealth members selected Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey as the group’s new secretary-general. Botchwey, a supporter of reparations for transatlantic slavery and colonialism, takes over from Britain’s Patricia Scotland, who has been in the job since 2016.
King Charles and Queen Camilla, who both attended the summit, flew out of Samoa after a visit in which the monarch acknowledged the Commonwealth’s “painful” history.
Before leaving, the royal pair attended a farewell ceremony in heavy rain in the village of Siumu.
Charles said in a speech to the summit on Friday that he understood “from listening to people across the Commonwealth how the most painful aspects of our past continue to resonate”.
“It is vital, therefore, that we understand our history, to guide us towards making the right choices in future,” he said.
The king and queen’s time in Samoa followed a six-day tour of Australia, where a large crowd turned out to see them at the Sydney Opera (NASDAQ:) House. Charles also met with Indigenous elders in Sydney, after being heckled by an Indigenous senator in Canberra.
(Reuters) – Reuters News has restored to its website an investigation into mercenary hacking after a New Delhi court lifted a takedown order it issued last year.
The article, originally published on Nov. 16, 2023, and titled “How an Indian startup hacked the world,” detailed the origins and operations of a New Delhi-based cybersecurity firm called Appin. Reuters found that Appin grew from an educational startup to a hack-for-hire powerhouse that stole secrets from executives, politicians and wealthy elites around the globe.
Prior to publication, a group calling itself the Association of Appin Training Centers filed suit in a New Delhi district court to prevent the report from running. In court filings, the association claimed it was the successor to Appin’s network of educational franchises in India. It accused Reuters of damaging the reputations of these schools and their students, claims the news agency denies.
Asked for comment Friday morning India time, a lawyer for the plaintiff said they weren’t being given enough time to respond, but noted that there were multiple proceedings pending between their client and Reuters. By Saturday evening India time, the attorney hadn’t replied.
The district court granted the association an initial injunction, then ordered Reuters to take down the article on Dec. 4, 2023. Reuters removed the published report from its website while it appealed that takedown order.
On Oct. 3, 2024, the same court vacated the injunction, noting that “as yet, the plaintiff has not been able to show any prima facie case to make interference in the process of journalism.”
The lawsuit remains pending.
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Mallinckrodt Presents Data on TERLIVAZ ® (terlipressin) for Injection in Patients with Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) at Kidney Week 2024
“ Pooled analysis from Phase 3 clinical trials highlights liver transplant rates in adult patients with HRS with rapid reduction in kidney function treated with TERLIVAZ1 “
DUBLIN, Oct. 26, 2024 /PRNewswire/ — Mallinckrodt plc, a global specialty pharmaceutical company, today announced a poster presentation on TERLIVAZ ® (terlipressin) for injection in patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function1 at Kidney Week 2024, the annual meeting of the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) taking place in San Diego from October 23-27, 2024.
TERLIVAZ is the first and only FDA-approved product indicated to improve kidney function in adults with HRS with rapid reduction in kidney function,1 an acute and life-threatening condition requiring hospitalization.2 HRS involving rapid reduction in kidney function1 is estimated to affect more than 42,000 Americans annually, approximately 0.01% of the U.S. population,3 making it a very rare condition; and rates of hospitalizations are increasing.4
Please see Limitation of Use and Important Safety Information, including Boxed Warning, below.
The poster presentation highlights a pooled analysis of data from the CONFIRM and REVERSE Phase 3 placebo-controlled trials of TERLIVAZ.5 The analysis examined the rates of hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI) reversal, renal replacement therapy (RRT), and liver transplant (LT) among a subpopulation of patients listed for LT at baseline who met FDA label guidelines for treatment with TERLIVAZ (SCr 5 In this patient subpopulation, treatment with TERLIVAZ increased the rate of HRS-AKI reversal and reduced the need for RRT at all time points assessed.5 The increase in HRS-AKI reversal with TERLIVAZ did not negatively impact the LT rate in patients listed for LT at baseline.5
- The rate of HRS-AKI reversal was 43% in the TERLIVAZ group (n=53) and 20% in the placebo group (n=35).5
- The rate of RRT in the TERLIVAZ and placebo groups was 28% and 46% by Day 30; 32% and 54% by Day 60; and 36% and 54% by Day 90, respectively.5
- The LT rate was similar in the TERLIVAZ and placebo groups at all time points assessed: 53% and 51% by Day 30; 66% and 57% by Day 60; and 66% and 63% by Day 90, respectively.5
The limitations of this study include, but are not limited to, small sample sizes, variables in methodology, and possible errors and omissions within the data sets.5
“This analysis of data from our Phase 3 trials furthers our understanding of the appropriate patient subpopulations and the potential impact of treatment on liver transplantation rates,” said Peter Richardson, MRCP (UK), Executive Vice President & Chief Scientific Officer. “For these critically ill patients with HRS-AKI, a liver transplant is the definitive treatment, and we know there are significant challenges associated with RRT; which makes continued research important.”
This study was sponsored by Mallinckrodt (OTC:) Pharmaceuticals. Presentation details can be found below:
Poster #PO0102-2: Hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury reversal and liver transplant rates in patients treated with terlipressin5
- Presenter: Justin Belcher
- Session Type: Poster Presentation
- Session AKI: Clinical, Outcomes, and Trials – Management
- Session Date and Time: Saturday, October 26, 2024; 10:00 a.m. “ 12:00 p.m. PT
INDICATION AND LIMITATION OF USE
TERLIVAZ is indicated to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome with rapid reduction in kidney function.
- Patients with a serum creatinine >5 mg/dL are unlikely to experience benefit.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION
WARNING: SERIOUS OR FATAL RESPIRATORY FAILURE
- TERLIVAZ may cause serious or fatal respiratory failure. Patients with volume overload or with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) Grade 3 are at increased risk. Assess oxygenation saturation (e.g., SpO2) before initiating TERLIVAZ.
- Do not initiate TERLIVAZ in patients experiencing hypoxia (e.g., SpO2 2 decreases below 90%.
Contraindications
TERLIVAZ is contraindicated:
- In patients experiencing hypoxia or worsening respiratory symptoms.
- In patients with ongoing coronary, peripheral, or mesenteric ischemia.
Warnings and Precautions
- Serious or Fatal Respiratory Failure: Obtain baseline oxygen saturation and do not initiate TERLIVAZ in hypoxic patients. Monitor patients for changes in respiratory status using continuous pulse oximetry and regular clinical assessments. Discontinue TERLIVAZ in patients experiencing hypoxia or increased respiratory symptoms.
Manage intravascular volume overload by reducing or discontinuing the administration of albumin and/or other fluids and through judicious use of diuretics. Temporarily interrupt, reduce, or discontinue TERLIVAZ treatment until patient volume status improves. Avoid use in patients with ACLF Grade 3 because they are at significant risk for respiratory failure.
- Ineligibility for Liver Transplant: TERLIVAZ-related adverse reactions (respiratory failure, ischemia) may make a patient ineligible for liver transplantation, if listed. For patients with high prioritization for liver transplantation (e.g., MELD ‰¥35), the benefits of TERLIVAZ may not outweigh its risks.
- Ischemic Events: TERLIVAZ may cause cardiac, cerebrovascular, peripheral, or mesenteric ischemia. Avoid use of TERLIVAZ in patients with a history of severe cardiovascular conditions or cerebrovascular or ischemic disease. Discontinue TERLIVAZ in patients who experience signs or symptoms suggestive of ischemic adverse reactions.
- Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: TERLIVAZ may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. If TERLIVAZ is used during pregnancy, the patient should be informed of the potential risk to the fetus.
Adverse Reactions
- The most common adverse reactions ( ‰¥10%) include abdominal pain, nausea, respiratory failure, diarrhea, and dyspnea.
Please click here to see full Prescribing Information, including Boxed Warning.
ABOUT HEPATORENAL SYNDROME (HRS)
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) involving rapid reduction in kidney function1 is an acute and life-threatening condition that occurs in people with advanced liver disease.2 HRS is classified into two distinct types “ a rapidly progressive type that leads to acute renal failure where patients are typically hospitalized for their care and a more chronic type that progresses over weeks to months.2 HRS involving rapid reduction in kidney function1 is estimated to affect more than 42,000 Americans annually, approximately 0.01% of the U.S. population,3 making it a very rare condition; and rates of HRS hospitalizations are increasing.4 If left untreated, HRS with rapid reduction in kidney function1 has a median survival time of less than two weeks and greater than 80 percent mortality within three months.6
ABOUT MALLINCKRODT
Mallinckrodt is a global business consisting of multiple wholly owned subsidiaries that develop, manufacture, market and distribute specialty pharmaceutical products and therapies. The company’s Specialty Brands reportable segment’s areas of focus include autoimmune and rare diseases in specialty areas like neurology, rheumatology, hepatology, nephrology, pulmonology, ophthalmology, and oncology; immunotherapy and neonatal respiratory critical care therapies; analgesics; and gastrointestinal products. Its Specialty Generics reportable segment includes specialty generic drugs and active pharmaceutical ingredients. To learn more about Mallinckrodt, visit www.mallinckrodt.com.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS RELATED TO FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This release contains forward-looking statements, including with regard to TERLIVAZ ®, its potential to improve health and treatment outcomes, and its potential impact on patients. The statements are based on assumptions about many important factors, including the following, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements: the effects of Mallinckrodt’s recent emergence from bankruptcy; satisfaction of, and compliance with, regulatory and other requirements; actions of regulatory bodies and other governmental authorities; changes in laws and regulations; issues with product quality, manufacturing or supply, or patient safety issues or adverse side effects or adverse reactions associated with TERLIVAZ; and other risks identified and described in more detail in the “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections of Mallinckrodt’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and other filings with the SEC, all of which are available on its website. The forward-looking statements made herein speak only as of the date hereof and Mallinckrodt does not assume any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events and developments or otherwise, except as required by law.
CONTACT
Media Inquiries
Green Room Communications
908-577-4531
mediainquiries@grcomms.com
Investor Relations
Derek Belz
Vice President, Investor Relations
314-654-3950
derek.belz@mnk.com
Mallinckrodt, the “M” brand mark, TERLIVAZ, and the Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals logo are trademarks of a Mallinckrodt company. Other brands are trademarks of a Mallinckrodt company or their respective owners.
©2024 Mallinckrodt. US-2400773 10/24
References
1 TERLIVAZ ® (terlipressin) for Injection. Prescribing Information. Mallinckrodt Hospital Products Inc. 2023.
2 National Organization for Rare Disorders. Hepatorenal Syndrome. Available at: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/hepatorenal-syndrome/. Accessed October 2024.
3 United States Census Bureau: Quick Facts. Available at: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045218. Accessed October 2024.
4 Singh J., Dahiya D.S., Kichloo A., et al. Hepatorenal Syndrome: A Nationwide Trend Analysis from 2008 to 2018. Annals of Med. 2021;53:1. 2018-2024 doi.org/10/1080/07853890.
5 Belcher J.M., Regner K.R., Mujtaba M.A., et al. Hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury reversal and liver transplant rates in patients treated with terlipressin. Abstract to be presented at the American Society of Nephrology (ASN) 2024 Annual meeting. October 2024.
6 Flamm, S.L., Brown, K., Wadei, H.M., et al. The Current Management of Hepatorenal Syndrome“Acute Kidney Injury in the United States and the Potential of Terlipressin. Liver Transpl. 2021;27:1191-1202. https://doi.org/10.1002/lt.26072.
Stock Markets
Georgian ruling party wins majority in election with 70% of precincts counted, official results say
TBILISI (Reuters) – Georgia’s ruling Georgian Dream party won 53% of the vote in a parliamentary election on Saturday, with 70% of precincts counted, the central electoral commission said.
Final turnout in the election was 58.94%, the commission said.
The opposition said that it had won the election.
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