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Factbox-What is OPEC+ and how does it impact oil prices?

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Factbox-What is OPEC+ and how does it impact oil prices?
© Reuters. FILE PHOTO: Austrian police officers stand in front of the OPEC headquarters in Vienna, Austria, June 3, 2023. REUTERS/Leonhard Foeger/File Photo

(Reuters) – The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and its allies, including Russia, are known as OPEC+ and will meet in Vienna, Austria, on Nov. 26 to discuss their joint output policy.

Below are key facts about OPEC+ and its role.

What are OPEC and OPEC+?

OPEC was founded in 1960 in Baghdad by Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela with an aim of coordinating petroleum policies and securing fair and stable prices. Now, it includes 13 countries, which are mainly from the Middle East and Africa. They produce around 30% of the world’s oil.

There have been some challenges to OPEC’s influence over the years, often resulting in internal divisions, and a global push towards cleaner energy sources and a move away from fossil fuels could ultimately diminish its dominance.

OPEC formed the so-called OPEC+ coalition with 10 of the world’s major non-OPEC oil-exporting nations, including Russia, at the end of 2016.

OPEC+ represents around 40% of world oil production and its main objective is to regulate the supply of oil to the world market. The leaders are Saudi Arabia and Russia, which produce around 9 and 9.5 million barrels per day (bpd) of oil, respectively.

How does OPEC influence global oil prices?

OPEC member states’ exports make up around 60% of global petroleum trade. In 2021, OPEC estimated that its member countries accounted for more than 80% of the world’s proven oil reserves.

Because of the large market share, the decisions OPEC makes can affect global oil prices. Its members meet regularly to decide how much oil to sell on global markets.

As a result, when they lower supply when demand falls, oil prices tend to rise. Prices tend to fall when the group decides to supply more oil to the market.

At the last OPEC+ meeting in June, Saudi Arabia pledged to make a deep cut of 1 million bpd to its output in July on top of a broader OPEC+ deal to limit supply into 2024 as the group sought to boost flagging oil prices.

Since then, Saudi Arabia has extended the additional voluntary cut until the end of this year.

Oil prices on Nov. 16 slumped by about 5% to a four-month low amid economic growth concerns. They have since recovered some ground on expectations that OPEC+ will take action to shore up prices.

Prices, however, have largely brushed off rising tensions in the Middle East.

How do OPEC decisions affect the global economy?

Some of the production cut decisions have had significant effects on the global economy.

During the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, Arab members of OPEC imposed an embargo against the United States in retaliation for its decision to re-supply the Israeli military, as well as other countries that supported Israel. The embargo banned petroleum exports to those nations and introduced cuts in oil production.

The oil embargo pressured an already strained U.S. economy which had grown dependent on imported oil. Oil prices jumped, causing high fuel costs for consumers and fuel shortages in the United States. The embargo also brought the United States and other countries to the brink of a global recession.

In 2020, during COVID-19 lockdowns around the world, prices slumped. After that development, OPEC+ slashed oil production by 10 million barrels a day, which is equivalent to around 10% of global production, to try to bolster prices.

Which countries are OPEC members?

The current members of OPEC are: Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Algeria, Angola, Libya, Nigeria, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Venezuela.

Non-OPEC countries in the global alliance of OPEC+ are represented by Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Bahrain, Brunei, Malaysia, Mexico, Oman, South Sudan and Sudan.

Sources: Reuters news, World Economic Forum website, OPEC website, U.S. Department of State website

Commodities

Gold prices hit record high on rate cut bets, Trump assassination attempt

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Investing.com– Gold prices hit a record high in Asian trade on Monday amid growing bets that the Federal Reserve will cut interest rates by a bigger margin later this week.

Reports of a second assassination attempt on Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump also spurred some demand for safe havens, although Trump appeared to be unharmed, and the assailant apprehended. 

Asian trading volumes were somewhat limited by market holidays in Japan, China, and South Korea.

rose 0.4% to a record high of $2,589.02 an ounce, while expiring in December rose 0.1% to $2,613.70 an ounce. 

Gold benefits from rate cut bets as Fed looms 

A softer allowed for more strength in gold prices, as markets awaited a Fed meeting.

The central bank is widely expected to on Wednesday, although markets are split between a 25 or 50 basis point cut. 

showed markets split exactly 50% over the two options, with bets on a bigger cut coming back into play on concerns over weakness in the labor market. 

The central bank is also expected to kick off an easing cycle from this week, with analysts expecting at least 100 bps of rate cuts by the end of the year.

Lower rates bode well for precious metals, given that they reduce the opportunity cost of investing in non-yielding assets. 

rose 0.4% to $1,004.80 an ounce, while rose 0.8% to $31.332 an ounce.

Trump assassination attempt spurs some safe haven demand 

Gold saw some safe haven demand after reports of a second assassination attempt on Trump, this time at his golf course in Florida. 

But secret service agents foiled the attempt in a reported shootout with the assailant, who was later apprehended by authorities. Trump was unharmed during the event, stating as much in a message on his fundraising website. 

Copper prices steady after weak Chinese data

Among industrial metals, copper prices benefited from a softer dollar. But gains in the red metal were held back by a string of weak economic readings from China, the world’s biggest copper importer.

Benchmark on the London Metal Exchange rose 0.1% to $9,276.0 a ton, while one-month rose 0.1% to $4.2225 a pound. 

A string of data released from China over the weekend showed and grew less than expected in August, while rose and fell. 

The readings ramped up concerns over an economic slowdown in the country, which could bode poorly for its appetite for copper. But ANZ analysts said that the government could now have more impetus to release stimulus measures.

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Oil prices edge higher ahead of Fed interest rate decision

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By Robert Harvey

LONDON (Reuters) -Oil prices edged higher on Monday as ongoing disruption to U.S. Gulf oil infrastructure balanced persistent demand concerns after a fresh round of Chinese data while investors await a likely cut to U.S. interest rates this week.

futures for November were up 46 cents, or 0.64%, at $72.07 a barrel by 1207 GMT. futures for October rose 52 cents, or 0.76%, to $69.17.

The market is likely to remain cautious until the Federal Reserve makes its interest rate decision on Wednesday, said Phillip Nova analyst Priyanka Sachdeva, adding that prices are still supported by some supply worries given that some capacity remains offline in the Gulf of Mexico.

Traders are increasingly betting on rate cut of 50 basis points (bps) rather than 25 bps, as shown by the CME FedWatch tool that tracks fed fund futures.

Lower interest rates typically reduce the cost of borrowing, which can boost economic activity and lift demand for oil.

However, a cut of 50 bps could also signal weakness in the U.S. economy, which could raise concerns over oil demand, said OANDA analyst Kelvin Wong.

Saxo Bank analyst Ole Hansen, meanwhile, said activity is likely to remain light ahead of the Fed meeting, adding that the outcome “looks like a coin toss between 25 and 50 bps”.

Nearly a fifth of crude oil production and 28% of output in the Gulf of Mexico remains offline in the aftermath of Hurricane Francine.

Weaker Chinese economic data released over the weekend dampened market sentiment, with the low-for-longer growth outlook in the world’s second-largest economy reinforcing doubts over oil demand, IG market strategist Yeap Jun Rong said in an email.

Industrial output growth in China, the world’s top oil importer, slowed to a five-month low in August while retail sales and new home prices weakened further.

© Reuters. FILE PHOTO: An aerial view shows tugboats helping a crude oil tanker to berth at an oil terminal, off Waidiao Island in Zhoushan, Zhejiang province, China July 18, 2022. cnsphoto via REUTERS/File Photo

Oil refinery output also fell for a fifth month as weak fuel demand and export margins curbed production.

Brent and WTI each gained about 1% last week but remain comfortably below their August averages of $78.88 and $75.43 a barrel respectively after a price slide around the start of this month driven in part by demand concerns.

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Commodities

Oil prices rise as rate cut hopes, Francine disruption offset demand fears

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Investing.com — Oil prices rose Monday, benefiting from ongoing disruption to U.S. Gulf oil production as well as a softer dollar ahead of an expected interest rate cut by the Federal Reserve later this week.

At 08:05 ET (12:05 GMT), rose 0.7% to $72.11 a barrel, while rose 0.8% to $68.30 a barrel.

Rate cuts in focus as Fed meeting looms

A softer was the biggest point of support for oil prices, as markets positioned for an from the Fed on Wednesday. 

The central bank is likely to kick off an easing cycle, although traders are split over a 25 or 50 basis point cut. 

Still, lower rates bode well for economic growth, which in turn could help keep U.S. fuel demand supported in the coming months. 

Continued disruption in Gulf of Mexico

Also helping the tone was the continued disruption of production in the Gulf of Mexico following the arrival of Hurricane Francine. 

Nearly a fifth of crude oil production and 28% of natural gas output in U.S. Gulf of Mexico federal waters remains offline, the U.S. offshore energy regulator said on Sunday.

Francine hit Louisiana as a Category 2 hurricane on Wednesday, eventually cutting power in four southern states.

Chinese economic data underwhelms 

But gains were capped by persistent concerns over slowing demand, especially following a slew of weaker-than-expected economic data from China over the weekend.

and both missed expectations, while rose and fell. 

The readings ramped up concerns that slowing economic growth in the world’s biggest oil importer will dent its appetite for crude.

Analysts at ANZ said Beijing was likely to roll out more stimulus measures to help support local economic growth, although they still expect gross domestic product to come below the government’s 5% target in the third quarter. 

Concerns over China saw both the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and the International Energy Agency slash their outlook for oil demand growth in the current year.

Holidays in China and Japan also kept trading volumes relatively slim. 

(Ambar Warrick contribute to this article.)

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