Commodities
What OPEC+ oil output cuts are already in place and what could change
© Reuters. OPEC logo is seen in this illustration taken, October 8, 2023. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo
By Alex Lawler
LONDON (Reuters) -Saudi Arabia, Russia and other members of OPEC are scheduled to meet online on Thursday and could make further changes to an agreement that already limits supply into 2024, according to analysts and OPEC+ sources, to support the market.
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and allies led by Russia, known as OPEC+, delayed the meeting from Nov. 26. OPEC+ sources said this was because of a disagreement over output levels for African producers, although sources have since said the group has moved closer to a compromise on this issue.
OPEC+ negotiations over production quotas have often been difficult in the past, most recently at their June meeting.
WHAT IS AGREED ALREADY?
OPEC+ after long negotiations in June extended oil output cuts of 3.66 million barrels per day (bpd), or about 5% of daily global demand, until the end of 2024.
In addition, Saudi Arabia is making a 1 million-bpd voluntary reduction in output until the end of December 2023. A Russian cut in oil exports of 300,000 bpd also lasts until the end of 2023.
The group aims to produce a combined 40.58 million bpd next year after adjusting baselines and targets for several countries versus levels used this year.
Targets for several African members were reduced for 2024 to bring them in line with declining production levels. The agreement also allows the United Arab Emirates, which has been boosting its production capacity, to increase output in 2024.
Current OPEC+ production levels as of October 2023 stand at 38.19 million bpd and they include the additional voluntary cuts by Saudi and Russia amounting to 1.3 million bpd. It is not clear if those cuts would be extended into 2024.
WHAT MORE COULD THEY DO ON THURSDAY?
An OPEC+ source said he expected there to be an option for a “collective further reduction” on Thursday, without providing details. OPEC+ sources earlier this month said the group was set to consider additional cuts.
OPEC+ could further revise 2024 targets for Nigeria, Angola and Congo after reviews by outside analysts, it said in June. Angola and Congo are pumping below their 2024 targets due to falling capacity, while Nigeria has moved closer to, or surpassed its 2024 target in recent months according to some assessments.
Some analysts, including Energy Aspects, have said they expect Saudi Arabia to extend its 1 million bpd voluntary cut to at least the first quarter of 2024.
The following table shows OPEC+ production and targets in 2023-2024 in million barrels per day:
Country October May-Dec. May-Dec. 2023 2024 Implied 2024
2023 2023 targets with targets target with
output* targets voluntary cuts** voluntary cuts^
Algeria 0.96 1.007 0.959 1.007 0.959
Angola 1.15 1.455 1.455 1.28 1.28
Congo 0.26 0.31 0.31 0.276 0.276
Equatorial 0.06 0.121 0.121 0.07 0.07
Guinea
Gabon 0.22 0.177 0.169 0.177 0.169
Iraq 4.38 4.431 4.22 4.431 4.22
Kuwait 2.57 2.676 2.548 2.676 2.548
Nigeria 1.35 1.742 1.742 1.38 1.38
Saudi 9.01 10.478 9.978 10.478 9.978
Arabia
UAE 3.25 3.019 2.875 3.219 3.075
Azerbaijan 0.49 0.684 0.684 0.551 0.551
Kazakhstan 1.63 1.628 1.55 1.628 1.55
Mexico 1.67 1.753 1.753 1.753 1.753
Oman 0.8 0.841 0.801 0.841 0.801
Russia*** 9.53 10.478 9.5 9.949 9.449
Bahrain*** 0.85 0.196 0.196 0.196 0.196
*
Brunei 0.097 0.097 0.083 0.083
Malaysia 0.567 0.567 0.401 0.401
South 0.124 0.124 0.124 0.124
Sudan
Sudan 0.072 0.072 0.064 0.064
Total 23.21 25.416 24.377 24.994 23.955
OPEC-10
Total 14.98 16.44 15.344 15.59 14.972
Non-OPEC
Total 38.19 41.856 39.721 40.584 38.927
OPEC+
* IEA figures
** Excludes Saudi Arabia’s additional 1 million bpd voluntary cut from July 2023 to December 2023.
. *** Russia’s 500,000 bpd voluntary cut is from March 2023 to December 2024 to around 9.5 million bpd, according to Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak. Russia’s 2024 target is based on a revision announced by OPEC on June 13.
**** Figure is total for Bahrain, Brunei, Malaysia, Sudan and South Sudan
^ Includes extra voluntary cuts when announced
Commodities
Oil prices ease on surplus concerns, dollar strength
By Nicole Jao
NEW YORK (Reuters) -Oil prices edged lower on Monday in thin trade ahead of the Christmas holiday on concerns about a supply surplus next year and a strengthened dollar.
futures settled down 31 cents, or 0.43%, at $72.63 a barrel. U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude futures fell 22 cents, or 0.32%, to $69.24 a barrel.
Macquarie analysts projected a growing supply surplus for next year, which will hold Brent prices to an average of $70.50 a barrel, down from this year’s average of $79.64, they said in a December report.
Concerns about European supply eased on reports the Druzhba pipeline, which sends Russian and Kazakh oil to Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Germany, has restarted after halting on Thursday due to technical problems at a Russian pumping station.
The U.S. dollar was hovering around two-year highs on Monday morning, after hitting that milestone on Friday.
“With the U.S. dollar changing from weaker to stronger, oil prices have given up earlier gains,” UBS analyst Giovanni Staunovo said.
A stronger dollar makes oil more expensive for holders of other currencies.
On Friday, U.S. data that showed cooling inflation helped alleviate concerns after the Federal Reserve interest rate cut last week.
“With the Fed sending mixed signals and some of these economic data points not being all that robust, the market is listless,” said John Kilduff, partner at Again Capital in New York.
Brent futures fell by around 2.1% last week, while WTI futures lost 2.6%, on concerns about global economic growth and oil demand after the U.S. central bank signalled caution over further easing of monetary policy.
Research from Asia’s top refiner Sinopec (OTC:) pointing to China’s oil consumption peaking in 2027 also weighed on prices.
U.S. President-elect Donald Trump on Friday urged the European Union to increase U.S. oil and gas imports or face tariffs on the bloc’s exports.
Trump also threatened to reassert U.S. control over the Panama Canal on Sunday, accusing Panama of charging excessive rates to use the Central American passage and drawing a sharp rebuke from Panamanian President Jose Raul Mulino.
Commodities
Gold prices edge up, remains pressured by strong dollar after hawkish Fed
Investing.com– Gold prices edged higher on Tuesday, extending their tepid performance as investors still remained cautious with the rising dollar following the U.S. Federal Reserve’s hawkish tilt.
Traders also refrained from placing large bets ahead of a shortened trading week due to the Christmas holiday.
inched up 0.2% to $2,616.95 per ounce, while expiring in February ticked up 0.2% to $2,633.89 an ounce.
The yellow metal had inched up 0.3% on Monday, after losing more than 1% in the previous week, reflecting uncertainty about the metal’s outlook.
Bullion under pressure on Fed rate outlook
Gold prices had hit a one-month low on Wednesday, as the Fed meeting indicated that rates will remain higher for a longer period after Wednesday’s cut.
Prices have failed to fully recover from it and have seen subdued moves as investors still assessed the implications of the Fed’s rate outlook.
Higher interest rates put downward pressure on gold as, as the opportunity cost of holding gold increases, making it more attractive compared to interest-bearing assets like bonds.
Traders are now expecting only two quarter-point reductions in 2025 amid continued economic resilience and still-elevated inflation. This compares to expectations of four rate cuts before the Fed meeting.
Strong dollar creates downward pressure on gold, other metals
The Fed’s hawkish shift provided renewed strength to the U.S. dollar, as higher interest rates make the greenback more attractive due to increased returns on dollar-denominated assets.
The rose 0.1% in Asia hours on Tuesday and hovered near a two-year high it reached last week.
A stronger dollar often weighs on gold prices as it makes the yellow metal more expensive for buyers using other currencies.
Other precious metals were largely muted. inched up 1.2% to $960.15 an ounce, while gained 0.3% to $30.265 an ounce.
Copper subdued on strong dollar, seasonal factors
Among industrial metals, copper prices were subdued and moved within tight ranges on Tuesday as a strong greenback weighed on the red metal.
Analysts attributed the weakness in copper to seasonal sluggishness as industrial production and construction projects often slow down as businesses and projects prepare for year-end closures and holidays.
Benchmark on the London Metal Exchange were largely unchanged at $8,954.50 a ton, while one-month were 0.5% higher at $4.1045 a pound.
Commodities
Oil prices rise; supply, demand concerns in focus for 2025
Investing.com– Oil prices rose Tuesday, but stuck to a tight trading range as traders remained uncertain over a potential supply glut and softening demand in the coming year.
At 11:58 ET (17:58 GMT), rose 1.1% to $73.44 a barrel, and rose 1.2% to $70.03 a barrel.
Trading volumes were thin ahead of the Christmas holiday, while strength in the dollar also weighed on oil prices after the Federal Reserve signaled a slower pace of rate cuts in 2025.
Oil nurses losses in 2024 as demand jitters weigh
and WTI prices were down about 5% so far in 2024, with persistent concerns over slowing demand in China being a key point of pressure.
Chinese oil imports steadily dropped this year as the world’s largest oil importer struggled with slowing economic growth. While the country did outline plans to ramp up fiscal spending and stimulus measures in the coming year, markets were still holding out for more clarity on the planned measures.
Increased electric vehicle adoption in China also undermined fuel demand in the country.
Both the OPEC and the IEA have forecast slower demand growth in 2025 due to slowing demand in China. The country is also expected to face increased economic headwinds from a renewed trade war with the U.S. under Donald Trump.
Supply uncertainty spurs caution; US inventory data awaited
Oil markets were on edge over a potential supply glut in 2025. While the OPEC recently agreed to extend its ongoing supply cuts until at least mid-2025, production elsewhere could potentially increase.
US oil production remained close to record highs, and could potentially increase in the coming year, especially as Trump vowed to ramp up domestic energy production.
US inventory data, from the , is due later Tuesday and is set to offer more cues on oil production and supply.
(Peter Nurse contributed to this article.)
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