Cryptocurrency
BEVM Unveils Groundbreaking Taproot Consensus for Decentralized Bitcoin Layer 2 Solution

[PRESS RELEASE – Cardiff, 英国, May 26th, 2024]
On May 20, 2024, the Bitcoin Layer2 development team BEVM released the technical yellow paper titled “Taproot Consensus: A Decentralized BTC Layer2 Solution.” This paper details the implementation of Taproot Consensus, leveraging native Bitcoin technologies such as Schnorr signatures, MAST, and Bitcoin SPV nodes to build a fully decentralized BTC Layer2 solution. Taproot Consensus represents a significant leap in native Bitcoin scalability, combining existing Bitcoin technologies innovatively without modifying Bitcoin’s core code.
I. History of Bitcoin’s Technical Iterations
- October 31, 2008: Satoshi Nakamoto published “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,” introducing Bitcoin and the concept of SPV (Simple Payment Verification).
- January 3, 2009: Nakamoto mined the Genesis Block, launching Bitcoin. The original code used ECDSA for digital signatures instead of the more suitable Schnorr signatures, which were under patent protection at the time. Schnorr signatures retain all the functionalities and security assumptions of ECDSA and can surpass the 15-signature limit of ECDSA, enabling the management of Bitcoin with thousands of addresses without affecting signing speed.
- 2018: Bitcoin core developers proposed integrating Schnorr signatures into the Bitcoin network.
- November 14, 2021: The Taproot upgrade integrated Schnorr signatures and introduced MAST (Merkelized Abstract Syntax Trees), enabling smart contract-like capabilities and decentralized multi-signature management.
- The Taproot Consensus solution by BEVM builds on these advancements, combining Schnorr signatures and MAST to manage multi-signature addresses and enable complex business scenarios in Bitcoin Layer2.
II. Overview of the Taproot Consensus Solution:
The yellow paper begins by highlighting Bitcoin’s non-Turing complete nature and limited functionality for smart contracts. It argues for using Bitcoin’s existing capabilities to build a decentralized Layer2 solution rather than modifying Bitcoin Layer1.
BEVM’s Taproot Consensus combines Bitcoin’s Taproot technology (Schnorr signatures and MAST), Bitcoin SPV light nodes, and the BFT PoS consensus mechanism to create a decentralized and consistent Layer2 network.
III. Detailed Explanation of Taproot Consensus Architecture
The Taproot Consensus architecture comprises three main components: Schnorr+MAST, Bitcoin SPV, and Aura+Grandpa.
· Schnorr+MAST: Uses these technologies from the Taproot upgrade to achieve decentralized Bitcoin multi-signature management driven by Bitcoin code.
· Bitcoin SPV: Allows synchronization and verification of Bitcoin transactions without running a full node.
· Aura + Grandpa: Advanced PoS consensus protocols for Byzantine fault tolerance, ensuring high consistency among network nodes.
In the BEVM system, each validator holds a BTC private key for Schnorr signatures. The aggregated public key forms a MAST tree, enabling BTC transfers and inscriptions to the threshold signature address. Validators act as Bitcoin SPV light nodes, synchronizing the BTC network state securely and permissionlessly. Aura+Grandpa ensures the Layer2 network’s security and trustworthiness, with assets managed by BFT consensus.
The operating principle of Taproot Consensus is: “In the BEVM system, each validator holds a BTC private key for Schnorr signatures. The characteristic of Schnorr signatures enables efficient signature aggregation, thereby enhancing the system’s security and efficiency. The aggregated public key Pagg, generated through the Musig2 multi-signature scheme, forms a large MAST (Merkle Abstract Syntax Tree). After generating the root hash of the MAST tree, validators perform BTC transfers and inscriptions to the threshold signature address generated by the MAST tree, enabling the submission of data from the BTC mainnet to the BEVM network. Each validator also acts as a Bitcoin SPV (Simplified Payment Verification) light node, allowing them to securely and permissionlessly synchronize the BTC network state.”
IV. Other Technical Details in the Yellow Paper – True Decentralization
The yellow paper also details the implementation of Schnorr signatures, MAST, Bitcoin SPV light nodes, and Aura+Grandpa, providing a comprehensive technical outline for those interested in Bitcoin technologies. It explains the Musig2 implementation and contrasts with other BTC Layer2 projects like Mezo, which uses the tBTC protocol. Unlike tBTC, which relies on a network of nine signatories, Taproot Consensus integrates multi-signature networks with BFT PoS consensus, achieving true decentralization.
Moreover, the yellow paper explains the implementation process of Musig2 and the differences between other BTC Layer2 projects like Mezo and Taproot Consensus. Mezo’s underlying technical structure is based on the tBTC protocol, which uses Bitcoin multi-signature to construct a threshold signature network, offering strong consistency compared to traditional distributed networks. However, tBTC still relies on a network of nine signatories, whereas a truly decentralized system should be consensus-driven, combining multi-signature networks with BFT PoS (Byzantine Fault Tolerance Proof of Stake) consensus mechanisms. This is the difference between distributed networks and blockchains; distributed networks emphasize distribution but lack Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus, whereas blockchains, while also being distributed networks, are driven by Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus, achieving true decentralization. The Taproot Consensus solution adopts this more advanced design. By integrating Schnorr signatures, MAST, Bitcoin SPV light nodes, and Aura and Grandpa Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus mechanisms, it constructs a highly consistent and secure decentralized Layer2 scalability solution. This integration enhances the scalability and usability of the Bitcoin network and ensures the security and consistency of the BEVM network.
Conclusion
The BEVM team’s technical yellow paper comprehensively describes Taproot Consensus, a Bitcoin Layer2 solution built entirely on native Bitcoin technologies. It respects and innovates on Bitcoin’s original technological direction, making it a true evolution of native Bitcoin scalability technology. As the Bitcoin ecosystem evolves, solutions like Taproot Consensus will be crucial for its development, serving as major cornerstones for truly decentralized Bitcoin Layer2 solutions.
About BEVM
BEVM is the first fully decentralized, EVM-compatible Bitcoin Layer 2 solution. It allows Ethereum ecosystem DApps to operate on Bitcoin, using BTC as gas. BEVM enhances Bitcoin’s utility by providing a secure and scalable platform for decentralized applications. The system integrates advanced consensus mechanisms, cross-chain interaction, and robust data integrity to ensure a seamless experience. BEVM aims to innovate within the Bitcoin ecosystem by offering increased scalability, security, and compatibility with popular Ethereum tools and applications.
For more information, users can visit BEVm’s official website or follow BEVM on Twitter.
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Cryptocurrency
Massive Dogecoin Price Prediction: Epic DOGE Bull Run Under Certain Conditions

TL;DR
- Analyst Ali Martinez suggests that Dogecoin (DOGE) could experience significant gains if it stays above the $0.17 support zone.
- The potential launch of a spot Dogecoin ETF, with applications acknowledged by the SEC from major firms like Grayscale and Bitwise, could boost investor access and demand, positively impacting the price in the long term.
The Bullish Scenario
The biggest meme coin in terms of total market capitalization has not been in its best shape lately. Its price currently trades at roughly $0.19, representing a 20% decline on a two-week scale.
However, the negative performance has not stopped numerous analysts from projecting optimistic predictions. The popular X user Ali Martinez recently suggested that Dogecoin (DOGE) remains on a bullish path as long as the valuation stays above the $0.17 support zone. He forecasted that the uptrend could result in an all-time high of a whopping $2.74 (which is a 1,300% increase from the current price level).
It is important to note that despite its enhanced volatility in the past months, DOGE has been trading above the depicted mark. The last time it traded below $0.17 was in November 2024.
Another industry participant who has weighed in lately is the X user Trader Tardigrade. Earlier this week, they assumed that Dogecoin’s Average Directional Index (ADX) indicates a potential surge ahead. The technical analysis tool is part of the Directional Movement System developed by J. Welles Wilder and measures the strength of a market trend.
The ADX doesn’t necessarily signal whether the asset’s value will go up or down, but it helps assess whether it is following a strong direction or moving within a range. It’s commonly used with other indicators to validate the strength of the movement.
Last but not least, we will touch upon DOGE’s Relative Strength Index (RSI), which also hints that the meme coin’s price may head north in the short term. Over the past several hours, the ratio has neared the bullish zone of 30, suggesting that Dogecoin might be oversold and poised for a rally.
DOGE ETF on the Horizon?
One major factor that may act as a catalyst for the price of the token is the possible launch of a spot Dogecoin exchange-traded fund (ETF) in the United States. The list of well-known entities that have displayed their intentions to introduce such a product include Grayscale, Bitwise, Osprey Funds, and others. The US SEC has acknowledged some of the applications over the past few months.
That type of investment vehicle will enable investors to gain exposure to DOGE without dealing with exchanges or worrying about self-custody methods. This could bring more people into the ecosystem and have a positive effect on the price in the long run.
Various community members have recently speculated on X that the launch of a spot DOGE ETF might be incoming. According to Polymarket, the approval odds before the end of the year stand at around 66%.
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Cryptocurrency
Shiba Inu (SHIB) ‘to the Moon’ But Under This Crucial Condition (Bitcoin Advocate Weighs in)

TL;DR
- Jeremie Davinci sees SHIB soaring if Shibarium’s adoption and utility issues are addressed.
- The price may also benefit from Shiba Inu’s token burning mechanism, which aims to reduce the circulating supply, alongside a potential bull run in the broader cryptocurrency market.
SHIB Can Explode if This Problem Gets Solved
Despite underperforming in the past few months, the popular meme coin remains the subject of bullish price predictions. One of those came from the well-known figure in the cryptocurrency space – Jeremie Davinci.
To the uninitiated ones, the analyst has been promoting Bitcoin (BTC) as a long-term investment and has been a vocal supporter of the cryptocurrency for many years. In a video from 2013, he advised people to purchase the asset when its price stood at a mere $1.
Earlier this week, he suggested that Shiba Inu (SHIB) could go “to the moon,” but this progress would rely heavily on Shibarium’s advancement.
“I like Shiba Inu, as you know, and I think it will do relatively well in this cycle, but it may not go as high as you expect. I think Shiba Inu has a lot of utility now that they have Shibarium, and basically, it’s a chain that you can actually run all kinds of applications.
However, nobody is using it, and there are no applications for using your tokens on Shibarium yet. If they get that solved, Shiba Inu will go to the moon,” Davinci stated on X.
Shibarium serves as the meme coin’s layer-2 blockchain solution and is specifically designed to foster its development. It aims to reduce transaction fees, enhance scalability, and improve speed.
During the first months of the year, the protocol made the headlines by processing multi-million transactions daily. In February, the total number of transactions on the network surpassed 900 million. Over the past several weeks, though, Shibarium substantially stalled its progress.
The decline might signal lower user activity or challenges in adoption or usage by developers and dApp creators. This, in turn, could lead to less demand for SHIB tokens and a potential downward pressure on the valuation.
Additional Catalysts
Another factor that might positively impact the price of the self-proclaimed Dogecoin killer is the Shiba Inu burning mechanism.
Its ultimate goal is to reduce the tremendous circulating supply of the asset, and substantial burns combined with non-decreasing demand should have a positive effect on the valuation. Since adopting the program, the team and the community have sent over 410.7 trillion tokens to a dead wallet, leaving approximately 584.3 trillion in circulation (which remains quite significant).
Last but not least, SHIB’s price rally might depend on the overall condition of the cryptocurrency market. Meme coins often mimic the ongoing trend in the sector, meaning they could head north in the event of a renewed bull run for BTC and the leading altcoins.
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Cryptocurrency
US Treasury Sanctions 49 Crypto Addresses Tied to Nemesis Darknet Market

The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) has announced sanctions against Behrouz Parsarad for running Nemesis, a darknet marketplace that sold illegal drugs.
As part of these actions, OFAC has also blacklisted 49 crypto addresses, including 44 for Bitcoin and 5 for Monero, connected to the operation.
Founder Accused of Laundering Millions
“As the administrator of the Nemesis darknet marketplace, Parsarad sought to build—and continues to try to re-establish—a safe haven to facilitate the production, sale, and shipment of illegal narcotics like fentanyl and other synthetic opioids,” said Acting Under Secretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Bradley T. Smith.
According to a press release, the Iranian national created and controlled Nemesis, managing its crypto wallets and collecting fees from every transaction. Authorities estimate he made millions of dollars from these fees. He also helped criminals launder money by moving the digital assets of drug traffickers and cybercriminals using the platform.
Launched in 2021, Nemesis was a hub for illegal activity on the darknet. Before authorities dismantled it in 2024, drug dealers and computer criminals used the platform to trade illegal substances, such as fentanyl, obtain fake identification documents, and acquire hacking services. The site was also designed with mechanisms to hide financial transactions, facilitating money laundering.
At its peak, Nemesis had over 30,000 active users and 1,000 vendors. For three years, the platform enabled the sale of drugs worth nearly $30 million worldwide, including transactions affecting the United States.
Nemesis’ Takedown
On March 20, 2024, a coordinated law enforcement effort by the United States, Germany, and Lithuania led to the seizure of the site’s servers. As part of the operation, authorities confiscated about $102,000 in crypto assets connected to it.
Following the shutdown, Parsarad has reportedly been discussing with former vendors the creation of a new illegal site to replace Nemesis.
The U.S. Treasury has cracked down on several similar operations, such as Genesis Market in April 2023 and Hydra in April 2022. However, darknet marketplaces continue to thrive. According to TRM Labs’ 2025 Crypto Crime Report, these platforms made over $1.7 billion in revenue in 2024, slightly more than the previous year.
The report also found that Russian-language initiatives dominated the industry, making up over 97% of drug sales using mainly Bitcoin and Tron’s TRX. This was an increase of more than 1% from 2023, showing their continued growth in the illegal online economy.
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