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BEVM Unveils Groundbreaking Taproot Consensus for Decentralized Bitcoin Layer 2 Solution

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[PRESS RELEASE – Cardiff, 英国, May 26th, 2024]

On May 20, 2024, the Bitcoin Layer2 development team BEVM released the technical yellow paper titled “Taproot Consensus: A Decentralized BTC Layer2 Solution.” This paper details the implementation of Taproot Consensus, leveraging native Bitcoin technologies such as Schnorr signatures, MAST, and Bitcoin SPV nodes to build a fully decentralized BTC Layer2 solution. Taproot Consensus represents a significant leap in native Bitcoin scalability, combining existing Bitcoin technologies innovatively without modifying Bitcoin’s core code.

I. History of Bitcoin’s Technical Iterations

  • October 31, 2008: Satoshi Nakamoto published “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,” introducing Bitcoin and the concept of SPV (Simple Payment Verification).
  • January 3, 2009: Nakamoto mined the Genesis Block, launching Bitcoin. The original code used ECDSA for digital signatures instead of the more suitable Schnorr signatures, which were under patent protection at the time. Schnorr signatures retain all the functionalities and security assumptions of ECDSA and can surpass the 15-signature limit of ECDSA, enabling the management of Bitcoin with thousands of addresses without affecting signing speed.
  • 2018: Bitcoin core developers proposed integrating Schnorr signatures into the Bitcoin network.
  • November 14, 2021: The Taproot upgrade integrated Schnorr signatures and introduced MAST (Merkelized Abstract Syntax Trees), enabling smart contract-like capabilities and decentralized multi-signature management.
  • The Taproot Consensus solution by BEVM builds on these advancements, combining Schnorr signatures and MAST to manage multi-signature addresses and enable complex business scenarios in Bitcoin Layer2.

II. Overview of the Taproot Consensus Solution:

The yellow paper begins by highlighting Bitcoin’s non-Turing complete nature and limited functionality for smart contracts. It argues for using Bitcoin’s existing capabilities to build a decentralized Layer2 solution rather than modifying Bitcoin Layer1.

BEVM’s Taproot Consensus combines Bitcoin’s Taproot technology (Schnorr signatures and MAST), Bitcoin SPV light nodes, and the BFT PoS consensus mechanism to create a decentralized and consistent Layer2 network.

III. Detailed Explanation of Taproot Consensus Architecture

The Taproot Consensus architecture comprises three main components: Schnorr+MAST, Bitcoin SPV, and Aura+Grandpa.

· Schnorr+MAST: Uses these technologies from the Taproot upgrade to achieve decentralized Bitcoin multi-signature management driven by Bitcoin code.

· Bitcoin SPV: Allows synchronization and verification of Bitcoin transactions without running a full node.

· Aura + Grandpa: Advanced PoS consensus protocols for Byzantine fault tolerance, ensuring high consistency among network nodes.

In the BEVM system, each validator holds a BTC private key for Schnorr signatures. The aggregated public key forms a MAST tree, enabling BTC transfers and inscriptions to the threshold signature address. Validators act as Bitcoin SPV light nodes, synchronizing the BTC network state securely and permissionlessly. Aura+Grandpa ensures the Layer2 network’s security and trustworthiness, with assets managed by BFT consensus.

The operating principle of Taproot Consensus is: “In the BEVM system, each validator holds a BTC private key for Schnorr signatures. The characteristic of Schnorr signatures enables efficient signature aggregation, thereby enhancing the system’s security and efficiency. The aggregated public key Pagg, generated through the Musig2 multi-signature scheme, forms a large MAST (Merkle Abstract Syntax Tree). After generating the root hash of the MAST tree, validators perform BTC transfers and inscriptions to the threshold signature address generated by the MAST tree, enabling the submission of data from the BTC mainnet to the BEVM network. Each validator also acts as a Bitcoin SPV (Simplified Payment Verification) light node, allowing them to securely and permissionlessly synchronize the BTC network state.”

IV. Other Technical Details in the Yellow Paper – True Decentralization

The yellow paper also details the implementation of Schnorr signatures, MAST, Bitcoin SPV light nodes, and Aura+Grandpa, providing a comprehensive technical outline for those interested in Bitcoin technologies. It explains the Musig2 implementation and contrasts with other BTC Layer2 projects like Mezo, which uses the tBTC protocol. Unlike tBTC, which relies on a network of nine signatories, Taproot Consensus integrates multi-signature networks with BFT PoS consensus, achieving true decentralization.

Moreover, the yellow paper explains the implementation process of Musig2 and the differences between other BTC Layer2 projects like Mezo and Taproot Consensus. Mezo’s underlying technical structure is based on the tBTC protocol, which uses Bitcoin multi-signature to construct a threshold signature network, offering strong consistency compared to traditional distributed networks. However, tBTC still relies on a network of nine signatories, whereas a truly decentralized system should be consensus-driven, combining multi-signature networks with BFT PoS (Byzantine Fault Tolerance Proof of Stake) consensus mechanisms. This is the difference between distributed networks and blockchains; distributed networks emphasize distribution but lack Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus, whereas blockchains, while also being distributed networks, are driven by Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus, achieving true decentralization. The Taproot Consensus solution adopts this more advanced design. By integrating Schnorr signatures, MAST, Bitcoin SPV light nodes, and Aura and Grandpa Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus mechanisms, it constructs a highly consistent and secure decentralized Layer2 scalability solution. This integration enhances the scalability and usability of the Bitcoin network and ensures the security and consistency of the BEVM network.

Conclusion

The BEVM team’s technical yellow paper comprehensively describes Taproot Consensus, a Bitcoin Layer2 solution built entirely on native Bitcoin technologies. It respects and innovates on Bitcoin’s original technological direction, making it a true evolution of native Bitcoin scalability technology. As the Bitcoin ecosystem evolves, solutions like Taproot Consensus will be crucial for its development, serving as major cornerstones for truly decentralized Bitcoin Layer2 solutions.

About BEVM

BEVM is the first fully decentralized, EVM-compatible Bitcoin Layer 2 solution. It allows Ethereum ecosystem DApps to operate on Bitcoin, using BTC as gas. BEVM enhances Bitcoin’s utility by providing a secure and scalable platform for decentralized applications. The system integrates advanced consensus mechanisms, cross-chain interaction, and robust data integrity to ensure a seamless experience. BEVM aims to innovate within the Bitcoin ecosystem by offering increased scalability, security, and compatibility with popular Ethereum tools and applications.

For more information, users can visit BEVm’s official website or follow BEVM on Twitter.

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Cryptocurrency

Bitcoin Price Analysis: Failure to Reclaim These Levels Can Result in a Sub-$100K Correction

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Bitcoin has entered a corrective phase after tagging the $111K region, following a strong multi-week rally. While momentum has cooled, the broader structure remains intact.

The price action is showing signs of potential accumulation at support, and traders are watching closely to see if this pullback turns into a deeper correction or a fresh leg up.

Technical Analysis

By ShayanMarkets

The Daily Chart

On the daily timeframe, BTC is currently holding above the $103K region after sweeping the $101K sell-side liquidity. The previous bullish structure is still valid, and the price is likely targeting the mid-range of the ascending channel. The 100-day (orange) and 200-day (blue) moving averages are not far below, sitting at $92K and $95K, respectively, and continue to slope upward. This indicates that the long-term bullish momentum is not yet broken.

The RSI on the daily is recovering slightly from below 50, suggesting neutral momentum after days of cooling off. Until the asset breaks below the $100K–$101K range, the current drop looks like a healthy correction in an uptrend. However, failure to reclaim the $106K–$108K resistance area quickly could increase the probability of revisiting the $95K–$97K order block, and even the two moving averages.

The 4-Hour Chart

Zooming into the 4H chart, BTC wicked below the descending wedge pattern after finding strong demand near the $100K area and began a V-shaped recovery. This structure historically signals a bullish reversal, and the move back above $103K supports this case.

However, the current rally is approaching resistance again, which is the higher boundary of the pattern near the $105K mark, and the RSI is still under 50. This level could act as a temporary ceiling unless momentum strengthens.

The sharp wick below $100K looks like a textbook liquidity grab, suggesting market makers ran stops before driving the price higher. If the buyers manage to hold above the $100K base and flip the $105K–$106K area, the door reopens for a push toward $108K and possibly a new all-time high above $112K. On the other hand, a failure to do so would likely lead to more range-bound action between $101K and $106K in the coming days.

On-Chain Analysis

Exchange Reserve

The Exchange Reserve chart reveals a persistent and steep decline in the amount of Bitcoin held on centralized exchanges, now reaching a historic low at 2.3 million BTC. This trend has accelerated over the past year and continues into June 2025, despite BTC trading above $100K. In classical supply-demand terms, this represents a significant supply-side squeeze: fewer coins on exchanges mean less liquidity available for instant sale, tightening the circulating supply and amplifying the impact of even moderate demand spikes.

This behaviour reflects a strong macroeconomic undercurrent. First, institutional accumulation is likely driving much of this trend. Large entities often move coins off exchanges into custody solutions when positioning for long-term holding or to reduce counterparty risk. Second, the growing presence of spot Bitcoin ETFs and custodial platforms (like Fidelity or BlackRock) means that BTC is increasingly flowing into vehicles that don’t recycle it back onto exchanges, removing it from the liquid supply indefinitely. This dynamic creates structural illiquidity that underpins Bitcoin’s asymmetric upside.

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Disclaimer: Information found on CryptoPotato is those of writers quoted. It does not represent the opinions of CryptoPotato on whether to buy, sell, or hold any investments. You are advised to conduct your own research before making any investment decisions. Use provided information at your own risk. See Disclaimer for more information.

Cryptocurrency charts by TradingView.

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Cryptocurrency

This Week’s Biggest Gainers and Losers as BTC Price Reclaims $105K (Weekend Watch)

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Bitcoin’s gradual ascent continued in the past 24 hours, as the asset managed to bounce above $105,000 and even challenged $106,000 briefly.

Since most altcoins are quite sluggish on a daily scale, we will examine in more detail their weekly performances, where TAO and CRO stand in one corner, while HYPE, LEO, ICP, and TRX are in the other.

BTC Above $105K

The world’s largest cryptocurrency tried to break out at the beginning of the business week from its consolidation range but was stopped at $106,000 and $106,500 on Monday and Tuesday. The following rejections drove it south to the lower boundary, but the bulls went on the offensive once again on Thursday.

However, bitcoin was stopped once again at $106,000, but this time, the correction was a lot more violent. Perhaps influenced by the ongoing spat between US President Trump and Tesla CEO Musk, BTC’s price tumbled hard and went to a multi-week low of $100,400 (on Bitstamp).

As it came close to a breakdown below the coveted $100,000 level, the situation reversed and bitcoin started to recover some ground. By Friday noon, it had rebounded to around $105,000. Slightly more volatility followed, but BTC was ultimately stopped at $106,000 yesterday and now trades around $500 lower.

Its market capitalization has risen to just shy of $2.1 trillion, while its dominance over the alts stands tall at 61.5%.

BTCUSD. Source: TradingView
BTCUSD. Source: TradingView

Alts Up and Down

The weekly scale shows that HYPE has emerged as the top gainer, having surged by almost 9%. As a result, the high-flyer now sits above $35, just less than $5 away from its recent peak. ICP follows suit with an 8% weekly increase, while LEO, TRX, and AAVE are next.

On the opposite scale are TAO (-11%), GT (-5.3%), and CRO (-5.2%). SOL, DOGE, ADA, AVAX, and SHIB are also about to close the weekly candle in the red.

The total crypto market cap has added around $30 billion since yesterday and is up to $3.410 trillion on CG.

Cryptocurrency Market Overview. Source: QuantifyCrypto
Cryptocurrency Market Overview. Source: QuantifyCrypto
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Disclaimer: Information found on CryptoPotato is those of writers quoted. It does not represent the opinions of CryptoPotato on whether to buy, sell, or hold any investments. You are advised to conduct your own research before making any investment decisions. Use provided information at your own risk. See Disclaimer for more information.

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Cryptocurrency

Is an XRP ETF Inevitable in 2025 Following This Major Development?

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TL;DR

  • Although the US SEC continues to delay making decisions on various XRP ETF applications, the potential approval odds on Polymarket exploded in early June.
  • Perhaps the most notable reason behind this odd increase is a recent update by the US securities watchdog, which involved XRP and other altcoins.

Polymarket Odds Through the Roof

As perma-XRP bull John Squire informed recently, the chances for approval of a Ripple ETF by the end of the year had skyrocketed to 98%. Recall that the odds had dropped below 70% just a few weeks prior and recovered to 80% before the surge.

As of press time, the percentage has dropped to 88%, which is still a lot higher than the year’s average. When it comes down to a July 31 deadline, though, the odds are down to 17% and continue to get lower as the date approaches, and there are no big developments on the matter aside from SEC application delays.

The reason why odds on Polymarket are so important for future developments is the platform’s success rate. As reported earlier this year, its accuracy levels have been quite impressive, at around 90%.

Here’s Why the Odds Surged

Such an impressive pump in the approval odds from around 80% to almost 100% in a single day couldn’t be just a coincidence. In fact, it came after the SEC approved a NASDAQ crypto US settlement price index, which includes XRP, as well as other altcoins like ADA, SOL, and XLM.

According to crypto experts, this development is particularly important as it signals that these assets have solid liquidity and reliable pricing, and it removes key obstacles for spot ETF approvals.

Interestingly, the approval odds for ADA and SOL ETFs by the end of the year didn’t experience a similar surge. Moreover, the chances for Cardano are down to 42% from 70%, while those for Solana are at 79%, which is still lower than the percentages from a week ago.

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