Cryptocurrency
DVT 101: All You Need to Know on ETH Staking with Decentralized Validator Technology
By Adam Efrima
The crypto space is full of buzzwords and abbreviations, and today, I’ll be discussing one that’s not quite so widespread yet: Decentralized Validator Technology, or DVT. It promises to fix a major worry about how traditional validator setups operate on Ethereum by significantly decentralizing and securing the process.
Validators are the entities that build blocks in Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchains, similar to miners in Bitcoin (and other Proof-of-Work (PoW) protocols). Ever since Ethereum moved entirely to PoS in September 2022 with The Merge, the blockchain has been supported by a set of approximately 900,000 validators, which theoretically makes it the most decentralized PoS network currently live.
However, not all that glitter is gold in this space. Multiple issues have been raised regarding how PoS is currently implemented in Ethereum, all of which contribute to making it a bit less decentralized than it would seem. But first, we need to dive into the weeds of what a validator in Ethereum really is.
Ethereum Validators Aren’t Like the Rest
A big difference between Ethereum and other PoS networks is that the validator nodes need to have a stake of 32 ETH — no more, no less. This limit was chosen so that it’d offer a reasonable entry point for average Joes to stake while still not creating too many validators for no reason. Right now, 32 ETH is worth about $95,000, but back when staking was first introduced (first as a separate chain) in 2020, it was closer to $30,000.
If you hold more than 32 ETH though, you’ll need to split your stake between multiple “validators,” which explains the very large number of active validators today. In practice, there are likely 10,000-20,000 independent entities (including companies and indie stakers) who are contributing to Ethereum security.
On a technical level, validators are a special entity controlled by their own private keys, which are activated when a prospective staker bridges 32 ETH to the Beacon chain. This chain manages the consensus process, assigning a portion of validators to propose blocks while others “attest” that these blocks are correct. Behaving improperly, for example, by signing invalid blocks or by being offline, leads to stake slashing (though it’s usually quite soft) or penalties incurred on the ETH principal.
Many PoS systems (a.k.a Delegated-PoS or DPoS) enable stake delegation, where users can natively assign their coins to a particular validator, who they trust to do a good job validating the chain and earning staking yield (a centralizing force). On Ethereum, there are no native mechanisms to do this, meaning that people must either run their own validator (self-custody of keys) or trust a service to do so — that is, until DVT came along.
The Pressing Need to Decentralize Staking
The premise of Proof-of-Stake is that no single entity can control more than a certain percentage of the total stake that is currently engaged in validating a protocol. In that case, they can dictate what is the “majority” chain and start behaving incorrectly without penalties, jeopardizing the functioning of the network.
In Ethereum, currently, the vast majority of the staking power is held by Lido, a decentralized finance protocol that offers a convenient “wrapper” or liquid staking token (LST) of a user’s staked position called stETH. The benefit of this system is that you can just stake on the protocol or even buy the token and start staking to earn yield without doing anything else — the underlying system does everything for you.
Lido as a whole currently controls a bit more than 31% of the ETH staked, which is dangerously close to the 33% threshold needed to prevent Ethereum blocks from being finalized (if Lido wished to do so). This sounds worse than it really is: Lido is a decentralized protocol that spreads its stake over many independent node operators, so it can’t really coordinate easily to perform this attack.
Also, as a decentralized business whose entire model relies on being trusted by the Ethereum community, it has no incentive to do so. Finally, a 33% attack is not the end of the world for Ethereum, as it’d just result in blocks not being finalized — they’d still be correct, and the attacker wouldn’t be able to really exploit this issue.
But despite some caveats, some in the community are uneasy about Lido’s dominance, as ultimately, the node operators it chooses have custody over the staked ETH and control part of the validation process. Lido has, however, started implementing technologies to decentralize its node operations by integrating the Simple DVT module.
These advancements promote increased participation and collaboration, facilitating smaller operators to align with larger counterparts thereby fostering a more diverse and robust network. This inclusive approach sets the stage for a trustless future, allowing even at-home validators to integrate with Lido seamlessly.
Decentralized Validator Technology to the Rescue
If the issue is that validators are custodial and somewhat centralized, the logical solution is to turn this process into a decentralized and trustless mechanism. This is, in a nutshell, what DVT offers today.
DVT works by splitting an Ethereum validator’s private key into multiple shares via various cryptographic techniques. The shares are encrypted and distributed to node operators, who then simultaneously run the validator to contribute to Ethereum’s security. Because the actual validator key is never seen or controlled by the operators, the process becomes non-custodial, trustless, secure, and much more fault-tolerant.
DVT is only starting out, but it could be a significant part of Ethereum’s future roadmap. As the network pushes for more scalability, there are serious discussions of increasing the 32 ETH limit to make the total validator numbers more manageable. To counteract the increase in centralization, DVT is being proposed as one of the ways to enable fully decentralized staking pools for smaller users.
Author bio
Adam Efrima is the SSV Core team Co-founder, a decentralized validator infrastructure for ETH staking. He has been active in the crypto industry since 2013. Over eight years living in China working in the financial industry and fintech space, Adam has worked in CITIC Bank covering outbound investments for Chinese SOEs. He was also in charge of setting up eToro’s Shanghai operation. Since then, Adam has been deeply involved in Ethereum staking, co-founding the performing staking project Bloxstaking.
Binance Free $600 (CryptoPotato Exclusive): Use this link to register a new account and receive $600 exclusive welcome offer on Binance (full details).
LIMITED OFFER 2024 for CryptoPotato readers at Bybit: Use this link to register and open a $500 BTC-USDT position on Bybit Exchange for free!
Cryptocurrency
Ethereum Struggles to Impress in Bull Cycle, But a Breakout May Be Imminent
Despite being the second-largest cryptocurrency by market cap, Ethereum (ETH) has fallen short of expectations during this bull cycle. Unlike Bitcoin and its rival altcoins, which have achieved impressive gains and reached fresh highs, ETH has been unable to reclaim its 2021 peak.
However, a much-anticipated bullish reversal could soon change this narrative.
New ATH For Ethereum
According to the latest analysis by CryptoQuant, there has been a notable rise in Ethereum’s open interest (OI), which hinted at a potential breakout as well as a possible bullish rally. The open interest metric, which tracks active futures contracts across exchanges, has climbed steadily and reached record levels. This surge is indicative of heightened trader activity, with a significant increase in long positions being opened.
However, it is important to note that Ethereum’s price has not yet mirrored this uptick in futures activity, creating a divergence between market expectations and actual price movements. As per the on-chain analytic platform’s data, this imbalance indicates mounting pressure in the market.
To top that, the elevated open interest also raises the probability of liquidation cascades, which could trigger abrupt and substantial price swings.
While the precise direction of the breakout remains uncertain, prevailing sentiment leans bullish. If Ethereum overcomes key resistance levels, it may ignite a sustained rally, potentially setting a new trend in the market.
Breakout Could Push ETH to $20K: Analyst
Ethereum’s underperformance compared to other top altcoins sparked frustration among its community. Additionally, criticism of co-founder Vitalik Buterin’s periodic ETH sales, centralization concerns tied to major holders, and regulatory compliance issues have fueled doubts about Ethereum’s future trajectory.
Despite these challenges, Santiment observed that this negativity could create a rally opportunity, as markets often move opposite to sentiment.
This aligns with CryptoPotato’s recent report, which also signaled that Ethereum may be gearing up for a significant comeback, with analysts predicting potential price targets of $4,000 to $20,000 if it breaks critical resistance at $3,550. The crypto asset saw a 4% surge in the past 24 hours, trading a little over $3,400.
This uptrend was fueled by a broader crypto market rally and increased holdings by Trump-associated World Liberty Financial, which recently added 3,079 ETH to its portfolio. Optimism also stemmed from President Trump’s executive order to explore a “National Digital Asset Stockpile,” potentially boosting crypto adoption.
Binance Free $600 (CryptoPotato Exclusive): Use this link to register a new account and receive $600 exclusive welcome offer on Binance (full details).
LIMITED OFFER for CryptoPotato readers at Bybit: Use this link to register and open a $500 FREE position on any coin!
Cryptocurrency
Ethereum Price Analysis: ETH Prepares for a Big Move – Up or Down?
Ethereum is on the verge of breaking out of a decisive price range, introducing heightened volatility and indecision to the market.
A bullish breakout would likely trigger a rally toward the $4K resistance, while a bearish move could trigger significant downside momentum.
Technical Analysis
By Shayan
The Daily Chart
ETH’s price action reflects a phase of heightened volatility followed by a period of sideways consolidation. The cryptocurrency is currently trapped within a narrow range, defined by the 100-day moving average at $3.2K and the critical $3.5K resistance zone.
This price range is significant, as it holds substantial liquidity that could fuel a sharp move in either direction upon a breakout. A break above the $3.5K mark would likely initiate a bullish rally toward the $4K threshold, reinforcing positive market sentiment. Conversely, a bearish breakdown below the 100-day MA could result in a cascade of sell orders, potentially driving the price down toward the $3K support level.
The upcoming price action within this range is pivotal for shaping Ethereum’s mid-term trend, with both buyers and sellers prepared for heightened market activity.
The 4-Hour Chart
On the lower timeframe, Ethereum’s tight trading range reflects a fierce struggle between bulls and bears. The price is bounded by the 0.5 Fibonacci retracement level at $3.2K and the descending wedge’s upper boundary near $3.3K, resulting in volatile sideways movement.
Ethereum buyers are showing determination, aiming to push the price above this dynamic resistance. If successful, this breakout could drive the asset toward the $3.5K threshold, where further upside momentum could be tested. However, should sellers regain control, a breakdown below the 0.5 Fibonacci level would likely lead to a bearish cascade, targeting lower support levels.
Given the market’s current state, a bullish breakout above the descending wedge and a subsequent rally toward the $3.5K resistance is the more probable scenario in the short term. This move could signal renewed optimism and set the stage for further gains in the market.
Onchain Analysis
By Shayan
During the recent consolidation stage, two significant liquidity pools have emerged, one below the $3.2K mark and the other above the $3.5K threshold. These zones represent the liquidation levels for short and long positions, respectively, and are highly attractive targets for bears and bulls. The clustering of liquidity at these levels underscores the heightened tension between supply and demand forces in the market.
This setup makes both the $3.2K support and $3.5K resistance critical levels to watch as the market appears poised for a decisive move. The concentration of liquidity at these thresholds increases the likelihood of a breakout toward either direction in the near term.
Given the current market conditions and the visible bullish momentum, a breakout above the $3.5K mark seems more probable in the short-to-mid term. Such a move would likely aim to capture liquidity above this threshold, paving the way for a sustained rally toward higher resistance levels.
Binance Free $600 (CryptoPotato Exclusive): Use this link to register a new account and receive $600 exclusive welcome offer on Binance (full details).
LIMITED OFFER for CryptoPotato readers at Bybit: Use this link to register and open a $500 FREE position on any coin!
Disclaimer: Information found on CryptoPotato is those of writers quoted. It does not represent the opinions of CryptoPotato on whether to buy, sell, or hold any investments. You are advised to conduct your own research before making any investment decisions. Use provided information at your own risk. See Disclaimer for more information.
Cryptocurrency charts by TradingView.
Cryptocurrency
Ripple Price Analysis: Is XRP Set to Break Out as Consolidation Wraps Up?
Ripple has reclaimed significant resistance levels, surging above the $3 psychological threshold.
While the price exhibits strong bullish momentum, mixed signals in market indicators suggest a potential corrective phase may precede further upward movement.
XRP Analysis
By Shayan
The Daily Chart
XRP has demonstrated impressive bullish momentum in recent months, breaking above key resistance zones, including its prior major swing high of $2.8 and the psychological $3 mark. This breakout highlights the dominance of buyers in the market, suggesting a robust bullish sentiment.
However, upon reaching the $3.4 price level, the bullish momentum encountered selling pressure, leading to a period of consolidation. The RSI indicator shows a bearish divergence alongside an overbought state, which implies a potential corrective phase could emerge soon.
Despite this, the price action remains within an ascending wedge pattern, suggesting that a continuation of upward consolidation is plausible in the mid-term, provided buyers maintain control.
The 4-Hour Chart
On the 4-hour chart, XRP’s breakout above $2.8 triggered a wave of short liquidations, driving the price toward the $3.4 region. This zone now acts as a significant resistance area characterized by heightened supply levels.
While temporary rejection and consolidation are likely at this resistance, Ripple’s strong bullish momentum hints at a potential breakout above the $3.4 mark in broader prospects. Such a move would pave the way for a new all-time high.
In the short term, heightened volatility should be expected, with potential corrections pulling the price back toward the 0.5-0.618 Fibonacci retracement levels. This range could provide a strong support zone, allowing Ripple to gather momentum for another rally.
Binance Free $600 (CryptoPotato Exclusive): Use this link to register a new account and receive $600 exclusive welcome offer on Binance (full details).
LIMITED OFFER for CryptoPotato readers at Bybit: Use this link to register and open a $500 FREE position on any coin!
Disclaimer: Information found on CryptoPotato is those of writers quoted. It does not represent the opinions of CryptoPotato on whether to buy, sell, or hold any investments. You are advised to conduct your own research before making any investment decisions. Use provided information at your own risk. See Disclaimer for more information.
Cryptocurrency charts by TradingView.
- Forex3 years ago
Forex Today: the dollar is gaining strength amid gloomy sentiment at the start of the Fed’s week
- Forex2 years ago
Unbiased review of Pocket Option broker
- Forex3 years ago
How is the Australian dollar doing today?
- Forex2 years ago
Dollar to pound sterling exchange rate today: Pound plummeted to its lowest since 1985
- Cryptocurrency3 years ago
What happened in the crypto market – current events today
- World2 years ago
Why are modern video games an art form?
- Commodities2 years ago
Copper continues to fall in price on expectations of lower demand in China
- Forex2 years ago
The dollar is down again against major world currencies