Cryptocurrency
DVT 101: All You Need to Know on ETH Staking with Decentralized Validator Technology
By Adam Efrima
The crypto space is full of buzzwords and abbreviations, and today, I’ll be discussing one that’s not quite so widespread yet: Decentralized Validator Technology, or DVT. It promises to fix a major worry about how traditional validator setups operate on Ethereum by significantly decentralizing and securing the process.
Validators are the entities that build blocks in Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchains, similar to miners in Bitcoin (and other Proof-of-Work (PoW) protocols). Ever since Ethereum moved entirely to PoS in September 2022 with The Merge, the blockchain has been supported by a set of approximately 900,000 validators, which theoretically makes it the most decentralized PoS network currently live.
However, not all that glitter is gold in this space. Multiple issues have been raised regarding how PoS is currently implemented in Ethereum, all of which contribute to making it a bit less decentralized than it would seem. But first, we need to dive into the weeds of what a validator in Ethereum really is.
Ethereum Validators Aren’t Like the Rest
A big difference between Ethereum and other PoS networks is that the validator nodes need to have a stake of 32 ETH — no more, no less. This limit was chosen so that it’d offer a reasonable entry point for average Joes to stake while still not creating too many validators for no reason. Right now, 32 ETH is worth about $95,000, but back when staking was first introduced (first as a separate chain) in 2020, it was closer to $30,000.
If you hold more than 32 ETH though, you’ll need to split your stake between multiple “validators,” which explains the very large number of active validators today. In practice, there are likely 10,000-20,000 independent entities (including companies and indie stakers) who are contributing to Ethereum security.
On a technical level, validators are a special entity controlled by their own private keys, which are activated when a prospective staker bridges 32 ETH to the Beacon chain. This chain manages the consensus process, assigning a portion of validators to propose blocks while others “attest” that these blocks are correct. Behaving improperly, for example, by signing invalid blocks or by being offline, leads to stake slashing (though it’s usually quite soft) or penalties incurred on the ETH principal.
Many PoS systems (a.k.a Delegated-PoS or DPoS) enable stake delegation, where users can natively assign their coins to a particular validator, who they trust to do a good job validating the chain and earning staking yield (a centralizing force). On Ethereum, there are no native mechanisms to do this, meaning that people must either run their own validator (self-custody of keys) or trust a service to do so — that is, until DVT came along.
The Pressing Need to Decentralize Staking
The premise of Proof-of-Stake is that no single entity can control more than a certain percentage of the total stake that is currently engaged in validating a protocol. In that case, they can dictate what is the “majority” chain and start behaving incorrectly without penalties, jeopardizing the functioning of the network.
In Ethereum, currently, the vast majority of the staking power is held by Lido, a decentralized finance protocol that offers a convenient “wrapper” or liquid staking token (LST) of a user’s staked position called stETH. The benefit of this system is that you can just stake on the protocol or even buy the token and start staking to earn yield without doing anything else — the underlying system does everything for you.
Lido as a whole currently controls a bit more than 31% of the ETH staked, which is dangerously close to the 33% threshold needed to prevent Ethereum blocks from being finalized (if Lido wished to do so). This sounds worse than it really is: Lido is a decentralized protocol that spreads its stake over many independent node operators, so it can’t really coordinate easily to perform this attack.
Also, as a decentralized business whose entire model relies on being trusted by the Ethereum community, it has no incentive to do so. Finally, a 33% attack is not the end of the world for Ethereum, as it’d just result in blocks not being finalized — they’d still be correct, and the attacker wouldn’t be able to really exploit this issue.
But despite some caveats, some in the community are uneasy about Lido’s dominance, as ultimately, the node operators it chooses have custody over the staked ETH and control part of the validation process. Lido has, however, started implementing technologies to decentralize its node operations by integrating the Simple DVT module.
These advancements promote increased participation and collaboration, facilitating smaller operators to align with larger counterparts thereby fostering a more diverse and robust network. This inclusive approach sets the stage for a trustless future, allowing even at-home validators to integrate with Lido seamlessly.
Decentralized Validator Technology to the Rescue
If the issue is that validators are custodial and somewhat centralized, the logical solution is to turn this process into a decentralized and trustless mechanism. This is, in a nutshell, what DVT offers today.
DVT works by splitting an Ethereum validator’s private key into multiple shares via various cryptographic techniques. The shares are encrypted and distributed to node operators, who then simultaneously run the validator to contribute to Ethereum’s security. Because the actual validator key is never seen or controlled by the operators, the process becomes non-custodial, trustless, secure, and much more fault-tolerant.
DVT is only starting out, but it could be a significant part of Ethereum’s future roadmap. As the network pushes for more scalability, there are serious discussions of increasing the 32 ETH limit to make the total validator numbers more manageable. To counteract the increase in centralization, DVT is being proposed as one of the ways to enable fully decentralized staking pools for smaller users.
Author bio
Adam Efrima is the SSV Core team Co-founder, a decentralized validator infrastructure for ETH staking. He has been active in the crypto industry since 2013. Over eight years living in China working in the financial industry and fintech space, Adam has worked in CITIC Bank covering outbound investments for Chinese SOEs. He was also in charge of setting up eToro’s Shanghai operation. Since then, Adam has been deeply involved in Ethereum staking, co-founding the performing staking project Bloxstaking.
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Bitcoin has recently experienced an uptick in demand near the crucial support region of the 100-day moving average, leading to a notable rebound.
This price action underscores a bullish sentiment in the market with the potential for a continued rally toward a new all-time high.
Technical Analysis
By Shayan
The Daily Chart
A detailed analysis of Bitcoin’s daily chart reveals that following a resurgence of demand near the critical $53K support area, the cryptocurrency initiated an impulsive bullish rally, surpassing several key resistance levels and introducing a bullish sentiment into the market.
These zones include the 200-day moving average at $60.5K, the 100-day moving average at $64.4K, and the static resistance at $61K. After breaking above the 100-day MA, the price recently exhibited a corrective retracement, completing a pullback to the broken level and validating the breakout.
Currently, Bitcoin has faced heightened buying pressure near the 100-day MA and experienced a bullish rebound toward the $67K threshold. If conditions remain stable, there is potential for the bullish trend toward the significant resistance region of $70K in the mid-term to continue.
The 4-Hour Chart
On the 4-hour chart, after receiving sufficient support near the lower boundary of the multi-month wedge at $54K, the price initiated an impulsive bullish rally, reaching the wedge’s upper trendline at $68K.
This price action clearly indicates that buyers are eager to push above the $70K resistance and set a new ATH for Bitcoin in the mid-term. During the recent rally, the price has formed an ascending short-term trendline, serving as the main support for BTC in the short term.
However, Bitcoin faced increased selling pressure near the wedge’s upper boundary, leading to a notable rejection toward the upslope trendline and the $64K support region.
Yet, the cryptocurrency was supported by the trendline and the $64K threshold, initiating a new surge toward the wedge’s upper boundary. Currently, the price is confined by the dynamic support of the ascending trendline and the dynamic resistance of the wedge’s upper boundary, roughly forming a triangle pattern.
A break above the wedge’s upper trendline will pave the way for a renewed bullish surge toward the $70K threshold. Conversely, a break below the ascending trendline could lead to a retracement toward the $64K mark.
On-chain Analysis
By Shayan
While Bitcoin’s price has experienced a notable bullish reversal, a closer examination is essential to determine if this trend will persist.
The Taker Buy/Sell Ratio, a crucial metric for evaluating futures market sentiment, provides valuable insights into the market dynamics. Values above 1 indicate aggressive buying by bulls, while values below 1 suggest bearish selling pressure.
The chart highlights the Taker Buy/Sell Ratio, which has experienced an impulsive surge above the “1” threshold concurrently with Bitcoin’s bullish revival. This surge signifies strong buying interest in the perpetual market, indicating a notable bullish sentiment and significant buying activity. If the upward trend in the Taker Buy/Sell Ratio continues, it confirms a potential mid-term bullish trend, with the price likely rallying toward the $70K mark.
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Disclaimer: Information found on CryptoPotato is those of writers quoted. It does not represent the opinions of CryptoPotato on whether to buy, sell, or hold any investments. You are advised to conduct your own research before making any investment decisions. Use provided information at your own risk. See Disclaimer for more information.
Cryptocurrency charts by TradingView.
Cryptocurrency
MEET48 “2024 GIPR2” Voting Event Final Results on August 3rd, Ranking Top on DappBay and DappRadar
[PRESS RELEASE – Singapore, Singapore, July 26th, 2024]
Recently, the “2024 GIPR2” voting event Dapp of MEET48, a metaverse virtual community based on an AI and WEB3.0 diversified UGC entertainment content ecosystem, has rapidly risen in the rankings on DappBay and DappRadar, attracting widespread attention.
The MEET48 “2024 GIPR2” voting event (https://gipr.meet48.xyz/#/gipr) is divided into the Idol Group, Sprout Group, and Virtual Idol Group. Users can log into the MEET48 official website and app, complete tasks and watch contestant videos to earn points, mint NFTs, and use points to buy voting tickets to vote for idols. The final voting rankings will determine the metaverse and overseas offline performance resources that participants will receive. Users who participate in voting interactions will also be whitelisted for future airdrop eligibility.
As of 12PM on July 26, 2024, the MEET48 event Dapp has become the number one social category Dapp on DappBay and ranked fifth in the social category on DappRadar.
According to DappRadar data, MEET48’s event Dapp recorded 25.25 million on-chain transactions in the past 30 days, with 669.98K active user addresses (UAW). In DappBay’s statistics, MEET48’s event Dapp also performed excellently, with 25.62 million on-chain transactions and 647K users in the past 30 days.
Currently, the MEET48 “2024 GIPR2” voting event Dapp has over 3 million registered users, and the total accumulated votes in the event have exceeded 10 million. These users, who joined through the airdrop, will eventually be integrated into MEET48’s intelligent social metaverse community through the MEET48 content ecosystem matrix products.
With the final results of the “2024 GIPR2” voting airdrop event set to be announced on August 3rd, MEET48’s popularity is expected to continue rising. For those who have not yet participated, there is still an opportunity to complete tasks and earn points to join the airdrop event:
https://gipr.meet48.xyz/#/gipr.
About MEET48
MEET48 currently boasts a technical and R&D team of 500 people, covering regional operations in Singapore, Hong Kong, Taipei, Tokyo, Seoul, and Dubai. This makes it one of the largest Web3 application project teams globally. MEET48 aims to achieve the mass adoption of Web3 technology by focusing on an AI UGC content ecosystem centered on AIGC (Animation, IDOL, GAME, and Comics) Gen Z trend entertainment content and a graphical, intelligent metaverse social base.
For more information users can visit MEET48’s: Official Website | Twitter (X) | Telegram | Discord
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Ripple’s price is finally gaining some bullish momentum following months of downtrend and consolidation.
By TradingRage
The USDT Paired Chart
Analyzing the XRP/USDT pair, it is evident that the price has demonstrated a rapid recovery from the $0.43 support level. It broke above both the $0.5 level and the 200-day moving average, located around the $0.55 mark.
The price is currently on the verge of breaking above the $0.59 resistance zone and if it succeeds, a rally higher toward the key $0.72 resistance level would be probable in the coming weeks.
The BTC Paired Chart
The BTC paired chart also displays a similar behavior. The market has rebounded and broken above the 800 SAT level. Yet, the price has yet to break through the 200-day moving average, located around the 900 SAT mark.
Typically, a rise above the 200-day moving average indicates the beginning of a new uptrend. Therefore, if a breakout occurs, XRP will likely significantly appreciate against BTC in the short term.
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Disclaimer: Information found on CryptoPotato is those of writers quoted. It does not represent the opinions of CryptoPotato on whether to buy, sell, or hold any investments. You are advised to conduct your own research before making any investment decisions. Use provided information at your own risk. See Disclaimer for more information.
Cryptocurrency charts by TradingView.
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