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Cryptocurrency

Key regulatory measures to reduce cryptocurrency risks should come from developed countries

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Between September 2019 and June 2021, the crypto ecosystem expanded by 2,300%, especially in developing countries, the United Nations reported in a paper titled “Not All That Glitters Gold.” According to some estimates of digital currency ownership, 15 of the top 20 economies in the field in 2021 were emerging and developing countries.

Using cryptocurrencies has become attractive regarding the price and speed of sending a transfer. Cryptocurrencies are mostly owned by middle-income people in developing countries. In countries facing currency depreciation and rising inflation, cryptocurrencies were perceived to protect household savings.

Regardless of the reasons for using cryptocurrencies, exchanges play a crucial role in enabling their wider use. There are now more than 450 crypto-exchanges, which reached a joint peak daily trading volume of $500 billion in May 2021.

Risks. The UN cautions that using cryptocurrencies could lead to risks of financial instability. If prices fall, monetary authorities may need to intervene to restore financial stability. It is important to note that in developing countries.

Crypto use also undermines the effectiveness of capital controls, a critical tool in developing countries that can help contain the build-up of macroeconomic and financial vulnerabilities, as well as expand policy space.

Finally, if left unchecked, cryptocurrencies could become a widespread means of payment and even informally replace national currencies (a process called cryptocization), which could threaten countries’ monetary sovereignty.

Regulation. All of these risks have forced politicians around the world to start regulating. The proliferation of cryptocurrency has served as a wake-up call for central banks, some of which have begun to discuss creating public alternatives to private digital currencies. Developing countries have also begun to take steps to regulate. 

As of November 2021, 41 countries, up from 15 in 2018, had banned banks and other financial institutions from conducting cryptocurrency transactions or prohibited exchanges from offering services to individuals and businesses. Nine developing countries, namely Algeria, Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Iraq, Morocco, Nepal, Qatar and Tunisia, have completely banned cryptocurrencies. Some other countries have imposed income taxes on capital gains derived from trading. Finally, crypto exchanges are subject to national anti-money laundering and terrorist financing laws in jurisdictions such as Australia, the Bahamas, Greece, Romania, the Philippines and Uzbekistan.

Despite the recent regulatory response, cryptocurrencies remain in a legal gray area in most developing countries. The ecosystem is global in nature, and many of its components are outside the jurisdiction of states, making regulation of cryptocurrencies a challenge. Accordingly, the main regulatory measures to mitigate the global risks associated with cryptocurrencies should come from developed countries, where most of these providers are headquartered.

Developing countries may have less room to maneuver, but regulation is possible. The UN has highlighted measures that could curb the further spread of risks:

  • Require mandatory registration of crypto exchanges and digital wallets and make using cryptocurrencies less attractive;
  • Prohibit regulated financial institutions from holding stablecoins and cryptocurrencies or offering related products to customers;
  • Regulate decentralized finance;
  • Restrict or prohibit advertising of exchanges and digital wallets in public places and on social media;
  • Create a public payment system, such as a central bank digital currency. 

There is no universal policy response to the growing use of cryptocurrencies in developing countries, the UN summarized. Countries need to adapt to recommended policies, considering the specifics of their national financial systems, regulatory infrastructure and enforcement capacity. Also, regarding financial regulation, policymakers should consider that the crypto ecosystem is constantly evolving.

Cryptocurrency

El Salvador Buys the Dip, Adds 11 BTC to Its Holdings

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El Salvador has expanded its Bitcoin reserves by purchasing an additional 11 BTC on February 4.

The move is part of President Nayib Bukele’s ongoing strategy to accumulate the cryptocurrency, particularly during market downturns.

Bitcoin Purchases

According to the Nayib Bukele Portfolio Tracker, the latest acquisition brings El Salvador’s total holdings to 6,067.18 BTC, valued at approximately $613.7 million.

The country initially implemented a strategy of purchasing one Bitcoin per day but has recently accelerated its accumulation pace. Its National Bitcoin Office revealed via a February 4 post on X that in the past week alone, it has added over 20 BTC to its reserves.

President Bukele has made it clear that El Salvador’s goal is to continue acquiring more Bitcoin. He previously teased about getting the chance to “buy Bitcoin at a discount” after the U.S. government announced a $6.7 billion sale, an event typically associated with price volatility.

In September 2021, El Salvador became the first country to officially adopt BTC as a legal tender with the enactment of the Bitcoin Law. Since then, the government has introduced several initiatives connected to the cryptocurrency, including bonds, volcano-powered BTC mining, and a citizenship program linked to investments, while continuing to expand and maintain its holdings.

Last month, Bukele’s administration secured a $1.4 billion financing agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which included commitments to scale back certain Bitcoin initiatives.

Under the agreement, businesses are no longer required to accept cryptocurrency as payment, tax settlements in BTC have also been discontinued, and the government’s role in the state-backed Chivo wallet has been reduced.

El Salvador Remains Committed to Bitcoin Strategy

The IMF has repeatedly expressed concerns over El Salvador’s Bitcoin adoption, warning of potential financial stability risks. However, despite the recent policy adjustments, the government remains committed to its broader strategy.

In December 2024, Stacy Herbert, director of the National Bitcoin Office, hinted that El Salvador would accelerate its Bitcoin acquisitions. She recently reaffirmed this position, stating:

“El Salvador will continue buying Bitcoin (at possibly an accelerated pace AND at a discounted price) for its Strategic Bitcoin Reserve.”

The Central American nation’s crypto policies have also attracted interest from major industry players. Tether, the issuer of the world’s largest stablecoin, recently relocated its headquarters to the country. The firm cited its supportive regulatory environment and long-term economic vision for the move.

Additionally, President Bukele has personally invited Rumble CEO Chris Pavlovski to consider moving his company’s operations to El Salvador, further showing the country’s commitment to its Bitcoin-centred approach.

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Dogecoin’s Price Could Hit $1.25 by May, Analyst Predicts

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The crypto market is showing signs of recovery following a rollercoaster for a few days, and thoughts are turning to how high some of the more popular assets could go in the coming days and months.

One analyst has suggested that the largest meme coin by market cap, Dogecoin (DOGE), could shatter its current all-time high price and break past the $1 level by May, drawing from historical trends and technical patterns.

Bullish Symmetry

Pseudonymous crypto analyst Master Kenobi recently highlighted DOGE’s price symmetry over the past year. He noted that the OG meme coin followed a cyclical pattern of two major pumps, the first coming in February 2024 and the second following six months later in August.

While the initial surge saw the coin’s value go up at least 3 times, the gains were all lost following a significant crash in August. However, it rallied a second time soon after, with its price multiplying six times.

This particular pump also came to an abrupt end over the weekend when the entire crypto market shed more than $400 billion, triggered by a squabble over tariffs between the United States and three of its trading partners, Mexico, Canada, and China.

Dogecoin holders saw about 57% of the profits they had gained over the last five months disappear within 24 hours as the market reacted to the tariff impasse.

Despite the setback, Kenobi sees potential for another upswing. According to the analyst, DOGE’s green trendline support, which was a key level, has now turned into resistance. Consequently, if the meme coin breaks above that level again, it could trigger a strong rally.

The analyst laid out two possible scenarios for the token’s price action: On one hand, it could repeat the rally from February last year, with a peak forming by the end of the month. The second possibility is that it could follow an extended consolidation period before hitting new highs by mid-April or early May.

Kenobi is leaning more towards the latter case, estimating that if DOGE mirrors the August 2024 pattern, then a 6x rally from the current bottom could push its price to at least $1.25.

Market Sentiment Divided

The analyst’s prediction has come only a day after reports emerged that several Dogecoin whales had offloaded 270 million tokens worth about $70 million within 24 hours. This mass sell-off increased supply and raised concerns about further price declines if demand fails to keep up.

Another well-regarded market watcher, Ali Martinez, previously flagged a bearish crossover between DOGE’s Market Value to Realized Value (MVRV) ratio and its 30-day Simple Moving Average. According to him, this signal could indicate further price drops in the near term.

At the time of writing, the cryptocurrency was back in the green, jumping 5.9% in the last 24 hours. However, the current price is still 21% below its seven-day peak of $0.3398, underperforming the broader crypto market, which is down 5.7%.

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US Prosecutors Charge Canadian Hacker in $65M Crypto Heist

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U.S. authorities have charged 22-year-old Canadian Andean Medjedovic for allegedly stealing approximately $65 million from two decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols, Indexed Finance and KyberSwap.

The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) announced on February 3 that a federal court had unsealed a five-count indictment against him.

The Charges Against Medjedovic

According to court documents, Medjedovic manipulated smart contracts on the two platforms between 2021 and 2023, tricking the protocols into miscalculating key financial variables. This allowed him to withdraw funds at artificial prices, causing significant investor losses.

Prosecutors say he laundered the stolen money through digital asset swaps, bridging transactions, and crypto mixers in an attempt to hide the illicit proceeds.

U.S. Attorney John J. Durham described the alleged crimes as a “highly sophisticated scheme to exploit two decentralized finance protocols and steal tens of millions of dollars’ worth of cryptocurrency from investors.”

Authorities further allege that after the KyberSwap exploit, the accused sought to extort the protocol’s developers and investors, demanding full control of the platform and its DAO in exchange for returning half of the stolen assets.

Medjedovic is charged with wire fraud, unauthorized damage to a protected computer, attempted extortion under the Hobbs Act, and two counts of money laundering. If convicted, he could receive a maximum sentence of 10 years for the computer damage charge and up to 20 years for the other four counts.

The Suspect’s Trail

The Canadian has been on the run since stealing from Indexed Finance in 2021. He has defended his actions online by claiming they were legal under the disapproved “code-is-law” argument, which suggests that exploiting flaws in smart contracts is fair game.

In a 2023 interview with DL News, Medjedovic stated he had traveled through Europe and Latin America, eventually settling on an undisclosed island. While he dodged questions about the exploit, he insisted he had turned to ethical hacking as a “more sustainable mode of being.”

Months later, KyberSwap was drained of approximately $50 million in crypto. Blockchain investigators linked the incident to a wallet associated with the 22-year-old that later transferred $2 million to a separate one also tied to him.

After the exploit, prosecutors say he tried to move stolen crypto to Ethereum but was blocked by developers. Frustrated, he allegedly contacted support to demand they process the transaction.

Laurence Day, a co-founder of Indexed Finance, believes the suspect’s arrest will bring little relief to victims. He noted that much of the stolen crypto was later taken in a separate hack, complicating recovery efforts.

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