Cryptocurrency
Leased proof-of-stake (LPoS), explained

Understanding leased proof-of-stake
LPoS is a type of PoS meant to increase mining power, address inherent issues found in PoW, and improve other types of PoS, such as delegated proof-of-stake (DPoS).
Regular cryptocurrency users have probably come across the term proof-of-stake (PoS) when dealing with crypto staking, but what is leased proof-of-stake (LPoS), and is there a connection between the two?
Yes, they are related, as LPoS is simply a variant of the PoS system. Proof-of-stake is a key element of the blockchain consensus mechanism, where validators participate in staking to generate and validate transaction blocks.
Validators on proof-of-stake platforms typically have to stake more cryptocurrency to improve their chances of block generation, and here is where LPoS comes in handy. Tokenholders who don’t have the technical know-how or financial muscle can lease their tokens to validator node operators, enhancing the validator’s chance to receive the opportunity to create new blocks. In return, they will earn a share of the transaction fee paid to the validator.
In an LPoS environment, tokenholders can lease their stake or run a full node. However, the more tokens staked by a node, the better its chances of being selected to generate a new block. LPoS allows users to acquire the proceeds of mining without going through the mining process.
How leased proof-of-stake works
LPoS operates on the same premises as a lottery in that more stakes increase someone’s chances of winning rewards.
So, how does leased proof of stake work? The LPoS system follows a series of set processes:
- Create a lease transaction: Tokenholders lease coins to a node, specifying the amount and recipient address. Leases can be canceled at any time.
- Wait for block generation: Leased funds join a node’s pool, increasing the chance of winning the next-block lottery.
- Consensus participation: LPoS lets leasers join the consensus process; larger nodes have better odds of generating the next block.
- Generate blocks: Winning nodes validate transactions, compile them into blocks, and earn transaction fees as rewards.
- Share rewards: Node operators distribute rewards to leasers based on their investment, with higher stakes leading to more substantial rewards.
Please note that the leased tokens never actually leave the leaser’s hardware wallet and remain in total control of the tokenholder. The holder only links the chosen node(s) and doesn’t transfer the tokens to the said node.
No party can trade or transfer the tokens, including the holder. The holder can only transact or spend the allotted coins upon canceling the lease.
Key features of leased proof-of-stake
Some of the features of LPoS include decentralization, balance leasing, fixed tokens and scalability.
The main features of LPoS include:
Balance leasing
Leased tokens do not transfer to validators, nor can they be traded. Users can lease out their tokens and money from cold storage or wallets.
Decentralized
LPoS divides rewards based on the staked amount, doing away with the need for a mining pool. It’s also great for blockchain governance, as it uses a peer-to-peer protocol to prevent third-party intervention.
Unpredictable block generation
There’s no way to predict who will win the right to generate the next block. The only thing worth noting is that the bigger a node’s economic stake, the greater its chances of winning the right to generate the next block.
Fixed tokens
Mining does not add more tokens to LPoS, as the system only allows token leasing.
Scalability
Developers of LPoS prioritize high-on-chain scalability over second-tier apps.
Rewards
Other blockchain systems offer block token rewards, but LPoS issues transaction fees to reward successful node operators.
The role of LPoS in blockchain validation
LPoS is a type of PoS used to validate cryptocurrency transactions in a blockchain network.
LPoS utilizes nodes or network devices to verify and validate blockchain transactions. Node-based validation uses computational randomness, hinged on the financial stake of a node, to assign rights to validate blockchain transactions.
A PoS consensus algorithm relies on these factors to determine what node is best fit to validate transactions at any given time:
- Age of tokens: The longer the staked tokens remain unused on the LPoS platform, the better the chances of being selected to validate the next transaction. The instant the stake verifies LPoS transactions, its age resets to zero.
- Size of stake: The greater the stake, the better the chance of validation selection.
PoS uses passive cryptocurrency deposits rather than the raw computational power in mining hardware used in proof-of-work (PoW) systems, making PoS more resource-efficient than PoW.
Currently, two leading blockchains use LPoS. The first is the Waves blockchain, which uses the LPoS consensus algorithm to verify the blockchain’s state by allowing users to lease tokens to generating nodes and receive rewards distributed by these nodes. Finally, Nix utilizes a permissionless staking mechanism that allows users to stake through a different third-party wallet, with the third party responsible for the staking.
Benefits of leased proof-of-stake
The many benefits of LPoS stem from gaining rewards without actively trading, increasing your chances of receiving rewards by joining a larger node, and the inherent security features hard-baked into the LPoS process.
One can realize several benefits from engaging in LPoS:
Passive investment
Users can participate in block generation and receive some rewards without actually participating in the block-generating process.
Allows smaller investors to participate
LPoS protocols contain a minimum investment requirement for network participation. For instance, Waves only allows a node to participate in block generation if it has a minimum of 1,000 Waves (WAVES). Investors with less than this can lease cryptocurrency tokens to more prominent nodes for a chance at gaining rewards.
Difficult to manipulate
The LPoS generating balance rule calculates the lowest balance after considering leasing in the latest 1,000 blocks, thwarting manipulation attempts by moving funds between accounts.
Increases chances of winning rewards
The LPoS works in a way that rewards nodes with the most significant economic stake in the network. Therefore, leasing tokens to a bigger node increases the chances of receiving rewards than if the leaser decided to go solo.
Retain ownership
No one can trade or transfer the leased tokens (which won’t even leave the wallet), minimizing the chances of loss.
Low barrier to entry
It does not require mining hardware to participate in validation.
LPoS crypto mining alternatives
Alternatives to LPoS that utilize PoS include delegated proof-of-stake, pure proof-of-stake and proof-of-validation.
While technically not a way to mine cryptocurrencies, PoS allows users to validate transactions and create new blocks on a blockchain. LPoS enables users to lease crypto tokens to nodes that validate LPoS transactions.
Several alternatives to LPoS allow users to make use of the PoS consensus mechanism:
Delegated proof-of-stake (DPoS)
Users can delegate the production of new blocks to delegates or witnesses through a democratic voting system, with votes weighted by the number of tokens held on a platform.
Pure proof-of-stake (PPoS)
This one is mainly used by the Algorand blockchain for the development of decentralized applications (DApps). Users can cast their votes to select representatives who vote on proposals and propose new blocks.
Proof-of-validation (PoV)
This aims to achieve consensus through staked validator nodes. The number of tokens staked with each validator determines the validator’s voting numbers. When a validator with a minimum of two-thirds of the network’s total voting submits a commit vote on a block, that validates the new block.
Hybrid proof-of-stake (HPoS)
Some LPoS protocols leverage the power of PoS and PoW. They use PoW to create new block housing transactions and use PoS to validate the blocks.
Cryptocurrency
How High Can Ripple’s (XRP) Price Go if XRPL Captures 14% of SWIFT’s Global Volume?

TL;DR
- Two of Ripple’s top executives answered a direct question about XRPL’s potential to capture a sizeable volume of the most adopted financial transactional system, SWIFT.
- If their prediction is to happen, the XRP Ledger could be processing billions of dollars worth of assets daily, which would definitely impact the native token’s price – but by how much?
14% of Swift’s Volume?
Responding to the question asked at the XRP Apex 2025 event in Singapore earlier this week, Ripple CEO Brad Garlinghouse said it’s important to distinguish SWIFT into two parts – messaging and liquidity. He focused on the second, as it could influence the XRP Ledger more since it is owned by the banks.
“I think less about the messaging and more about liquidity. If you are driving all the liquidity, it is good for XRP … so I will say in five years, 14%.”
Even if we remove the messaging part from this equation, SWIFT handles approximately $5 trillion in transactions per day, according to Statista’s conservative metrics. This puts the annual amount at around $1.25 quadrillion if we assume there are 250 business days yearly.
14% out of that mindblowing amount would result in a $175 trillion volume settled in Ripple’s cross-border token on its network annually, or $700 billion daily. Although not all value remains in XRP, the liquidity needed to ensure there are no delays should be at least $175 billion (daily) if one token is used around four times per day for settlements.
When we asked ChatGPT about XRP’s price potential in such a scenario, it responded that the asset could blow up to somewhere above $20 when we considered all narratives. The SWIFT volume, even though it would be a massive portion, would still complement everything else that goes on in the Ripple (XRP) ecosystem – staking, holding, network expansion, RLUSD adoption, potential ETF approvals, etc.
Ridiculous Predictions Time
While a price tag of $10 or even $20 sounds quite mindboggling as of now (current price – under $2.2), the XRP Army was even more bullish following Garlinghouse’s comments. Predictions started to fly in, outlining ridiculous targets for the future, including almost $1,500 per coin.
This #XRP bull flag has a $1,452.81 price target.
Do you believe in it? pic.twitter.com/pRFksuCe9V
— STEPH IS CRYPTO (@Steph_iscrypto) June 13, 2025
Some even brought up the aforementioned RLUSD adoption, which could also somehow push XRP’s price to the stratosphere.
It’s official: $RLUSD is set to trigger a guaranteed $1,250 price for $XRP! pic.twitter.com/RW0StcSHuv
— KingXRP (@MRKingXRP) June 13, 2025
However, investors should be aware that these targets are simply numbers that have little substance to back them up, for now at least. Before you start allocating funds to XRP expecting such massive price surges, please beware that $1,250 per XRP would mean that its market cap would be north of $67 trillion – that’s more than Bitcoin, Amazon, Apple, Google, and gold combined.
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Cryptocurrency
$4.6B Lost to Crypto Scams as AI Deepfakes Lead the Charge: Report

According to a new research report co-authored by Bitget, SlowMist, and Elliptic, over $4.6 billion was lost to scams in 2024 alone, a 24% increase from the previous year.
Deepfake AI impersonation, social engineering scams, and modern Ponzi schemes have emerged as the top threats to users.
The Most Common Frauds
The report revealed that nearly 40% of high-value frauds in 2024 involved deepfake technology. Scammers are using AI to create convincing videos of public figures like X owner Elon Musk promoting fake investments on social media platforms. In one high-profile case, Hong Kong police arrested 31 members of a syndicate that used AI-generated videos of various crypto executives to steal $34 million.
According to the survey, bad actors are also using AI to bypass KYC procedures, forge customer service chats, and simulate platform dashboards to fake legitimacy. Even Zoom meetings are being weaponized, with scammers sending fake invitations with links to malicious software.
Social engineering remains a major threat by exploiting people’s psychological vulnerabilities. This is being done through AI-powered arbitrage bot scams that promise easy profits through ChatGPT-generated code while directing users to interact with fake interfaces that steal their funds. Other common tactics include Trojan-laced job offers, phishing links in DMs and tweets, and address poisoning.
Additionally, modern Ponzi schemes continue to evolve, now appearing as legitimate decentralized finance (DeFi), NFT, and GameFi projects. The report cited the 2023 JPEX incident in Hong Kong, where the platform promoted itself as a “global cryptocurrency exchange,” using physical ads and celebrity endorsements to market its native JPC token, which supposedly had “high and stable returns.”
However, the platform did not have regulatory approval, leading to authorities tagging it as “highly suspicious.” A subsequent crackdown revealed over $213 million in losses from more than 2,600 complaints by aggrieved users.
Last year, blockchain investigator ZachXBT also exposed a scam network linked to several rug pulls, including Leaper Finance and Zebra Lending. Such rackets use forged KYC documents and fake audit reports to lure users before stealing funds right after the value of their phony tokens surges.
According to Bitget, modern digital swindles differ from traditional Ponzi schemes by incorporating more sophisticated elements. These include advanced “social fission” tactics that use messaging apps and livestreams to drive user-based recruitment, as well as gamified interfaces and fake identities.
Anti-Scam Initiative
Bitget, SlowMist, and Elliptic have also announced the launch of an Anti-Scam Hub to respond to the growing threat posed to crypto by fraudsters. The initiative will be used to trace illicit funds, disrupt phishing networks, and identify deceptive behavior across blockchains.
“Criminals are constantly evolving their methods of attack, using AI and finding new ways to scale their activities,” Arda Akartuna, Lead Crypto Threat Researcher at Elliptic. “This means that reciprocally, we are also working to scale our technology and blockchain capabilities to track and identify the new methods criminals are using.”
A protection fund worth more than $300 million is also being deployed to mitigate user risks.
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Cryptocurrency
Centralized Bitcoin (BTC) Treasuries Now Hold Nearly 1/3 of Total Supply

Centralized Bitcoin treasuries now hold 30.9% of the total circulating supply, according to a new report by Gemini. This concentration, which spans across 216 entities that include governments, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), public and private companies, centralized exchanges, and DeFi contracts, ultimately indicates growing institutional maturity and adoption.
The total amount of BTC held by major institutional and custodial entities has skyrocketed to 6,145,207 BTC today, which represents a whopping 924% increase over the past decade. This rapid growth demonstrates how centralized players have steadily accumulated a larger share of the network’s supply, reshaping Bitcoin’s ownership structure in favor of institutional dominance.
Market Maturation
According to a joint report by Gemini and Glassnode, just three entities dominate Bitcoin adoption across most institutional categories, holding between 65% and 90% of total BTC holdings. This concentration reflected how early entrants shaped the strategic direction and legitimacy of Bitcoin within institutional finance.
On the other hand, private company holdings are more evenly distributed, which indicates a broader base of adoption at that level. While such dominance may decrease as institutional participation expands, the early leaders continue to play a central role in driving capital inflows and positioning Bitcoin as a credible macro asset in traditional finance.
Custody has slowly shifted away from centralized exchanges toward ETFs, funds, and DeFi protocols, which now serve as primary gateways for spot market access. While balances on centralized exchanges have declined over the past two years, this does not signal a tightening supply.
Instead, most of that Bitcoin has moved into custodial vehicles like US spot ETFs. The combined holdings of these spot custodians have remained relatively stable and range between 3.9 million and 4.2 million BTC since June 2021. This is indicative of a reallocation rather than a reduction in circulating supply.
Despite the stability in total holdings, these custodians exert significant influence on price action, driven by their sensitivity to market shifts. Monthly inflows and outflows can swing dramatically, by as much as $10 billion, which makes these entities key players in BTC’s short-term trajectory, even as the overall structure of the spot market becomes more institutionalized and regulated.
Sovereign BTC Treasuries
Government-held Bitcoin reserves have grown significantly, particularly in the US, China, the U.K., and Germany, where most acquisitions come through legal enforcement rather than market purchases.
The US stands out with more than 200,000 BTC, largely sourced from major law enforcement seizures. These include 69,369 BTC taken from the Silk Road case in November 2027 and 94,643 BTC recovered from the Bitfinex hack in February 2022.
After a brief decline, a portion of the US government’s remaining balance was formally converted into a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve (SBR) following an executive order by President Donald Trump on March 6th.
In the UK, Bitcoin has been seized by the National Crime Agency through operations targeting cybercriminals. China, after banning crypto activities, confiscated over 194,000 BTC in November 2020 in its crackdown on the PlusToken Ponzi scheme.
Germany also accumulated Bitcoin through criminal investigations, but officially liquidated all its holdings by April 29th. These sovereign holdings form a unique category in the crypto ecosystem: largely dormant, yet capable of influencing markets if moved.
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