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Redefining Money: America’s digital currency dilemma

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On Wednesday, Sept. 20, the United States House Financial Services Committee marked up two bills to curb the issuance of a central bank digital currency (CBDC). One of the bills would stop the Federal Reserve from running any test programs on CBDCs without congressional approval, while the other would stop federal banks from using CBDCs for some services and products. 

The principal political adversaries to a digital dollar are heavyweights such as Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and Florida governor Ron DeSantis, who have thrown their hats into the ring to become president a year from November.

In July, DeSantis said that CBDCs would never happen under his administration, citing concerns over consumers losing power over their own money. Kennedy, on the other hand, a known proponent of Bitcoin, is rallying against the digital dollar as it will “vastly magnify the government’s power to suffocate dissent by cutting off access to funds with a keystroke.“

In May, Cointelegraph reported that according to its own research, more than 130 countries were at some stage of research into a CBDC, and only eight had rejected the idea outright. These countries are diverse, from France and Switzerland to Haiti and Bhutan. So, the question must be asked: Why would a country like the United States be so opposed to having its own digital currency?

The idea of a CBDC in itself is nothing too taxing. In essence, digital dollars would be based on blockchain technology rather than having traditional dollars moving around between accounts. That would dramatically decrease transfer times, cut fees, and do away with the “middlemen” — the intermediaries along the way who slow things down and take a cut for themselves.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation found that in 2021, there were still 5.9 million “unbanked’ households in the United States, a massive number by any standard.

A CBDC would mean that the Federal Reserve would effectively oversee all the bank transfers in the country, as there would be no alternative. And having everything under one roof means one mistake or failure would affect everyone rather than be limited to one bank, for instance.

Recent: Indian state governments spur blockchain adoption in public administration

But perhaps the biggest argument against a CBDC is that, for cryptocurrency purists, having a central institution overseeing a currency is the very thing crypto was designed to avoid. Why now make a U-turn?

Political motivations play a significant role in the discussion in the United States. In March 2022, President Joseph Biden said his administration would “place the highest urgency on research and development efforts into the potential design and deployment options of a United States CBDC.”

This provided fodder for the Republican party to come out against the plan, citing invasion of privacy and claiming it was another form of government control. DeSantis even came out with an Orwellian prediction of the government stopping its citizens from buying fossil fuels or guns if such legislation were in place.

This is not to say that the U.S. hasn’t looked into a CBDC, as it has extensively.

In 2020, the Federal Reserve launched Project Hamilton to study the viability of a CBDC. By 2022, it had developed a system that took elements from the workings of Bitcoin but moved away from its rigid blockchain backbone. The result was a system that can process 1.7 million transactions per second, light years ahead of the Bitcoin blockchain and quicker even than Visa, which can deal with about 65,000 transactions per second.

David Millar, data center coordinator at Santander, told Cointelegraph: “The leaps forward they made during Project Hamilton were truly staggering. When we heard of the progress they were making, we believed that our entire infrastructure would need to be completely revamped within the next five years.”

Nevertheless, the project completed its initial phase in December 2022 and went no further. Once again, voices of dissent from Congress attacked the project, saying it had been carried out solely with academics and the public sector in mind and the average citizen would not benefit. Millar added:

“The time and effort that went into Hamilton and the results they produced; it’s a tragedy that most of it will never see the light of day.”

The issue of privacy is one of the most prominent foes of the digital dollar. The main argument of the dissenters is that if there is to be a digital dollar, it should effectively be like the cash dollar is now, with its benefits of anonymity coupled with the power and speed of a cryptocurrency. Those who favor a digital dollar argue that we already have such a thing, but it’s just not called that yet. Credit card money is digital for all intents and purposes, and are any of us mailing cash to Amazon to pay for things?

The world is moving toward a cashless society, and the U.S. is no exception. In 2022, only 18% of all U.S. payments were made in cash, down from 31% in 2016.

Magazine: ‘AI has killed the industry’: EasyTranslate boss on adapting to change

The U.S. is also a country of strange contradictions. While it surges ahead in many areas, such as technology, its banking system remains rooted in the traditional, with check payments still being the norm. Dragging a whole nation away from that is a tall order.

So, what does the future hold for a potential U.S. CBDC? Well, very little. Project Hamilton closed with no indication of a second phase, and according to Darrell Duffie, a professor of finance at Stanford’s Graduate School of Business, while work is continuing, it has slowed to a snail’s pace, and “nobody is charging ahead openly.”

It seems for the foreseeable future, this will be one part of the cryptosphere where the U.S. is not a pioneer.

Cryptocurrency

Aleph Zero Launches Subsecond Shielding on Testnet, Delivering Client-Side ZK Privacy for DeFi

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[PRESS RELEASE – Zug, Switzerland, October 17th, 2024]

Most zero-knowledge proofs are generated server-side for scaling, but Aleph Zero’s zkOS does that directly on users’ devices, offering privacy in a fraction of second.

Aleph Zero, the leading blockchain platform recognized for its focus on privacy and scalability, announces the launch of the first feature of zkOS (zero-knowledge operating system)—Shielding, on its EVM Testnet. This release marks the first opportunity for users to experience the shielding feature of zkOS in action, demonstrating the speed and privacy capabilities of Aleph Zero’s zero-knowledge proof (ZK) technology optimizations.

Privacy at Lightning Speed

The Shielding Demo release is a significant milestone for Aleph Zero, representing its commitment to developing practical privacy solutions for the blockchain industry. Aleph Zero’s zkOS enables zero-knowledge proofs to be generated client-side—meaning data is encrypted locally on the user’s device and never leaves unencrypted—providing high levels of privacy without compromising transaction speed. The Shielding Demo serves as the first practical interface for users to experience this privacy functionality, with zero-knowledge proofs generated within 0.5-3 seconds, ensuring that privacy has minimal impact on transaction performance.

“Privacy has long been a challenge in blockchain, often due to poor user experience,” said Adam Gagol, Co-Founder & CTO of Aleph Zero. “With today’s release, we’re delivering one of the fastest client-side ZK directly to users, combining privacy and performance. The release of the Shielding Demo offers a glimpse into how zkOS can bring privacy to DeFi without sacrificing speed or usability.”

How the Shielding Demo Works

The Shielding Demo provides an intuitive interface for users to test Aleph Zero’s zkOS privacy layer. Here’s how it works:

  • Data Privacy: zkOS generates zero-knowledge proofs locally on the user’s device, ensuring that data remains private and secure.
  • Transaction Flow: Users generate ZK proofs, send transactions to a relayer, and then they are executed on-chain—all while maintaining privacy.
  • Fast Proving Times: The system delivers ZK proofs in 0.5-3 seconds on most devices, demonstrating zkOS’s speed and its minimal impact on transaction times.

The Testnet version of zkOS allows users to interact with the system and witness its capabilities, though Aleph Zero notes that the privacy features will be built directly into the upcoming Common app.

Why zkOS Matters: A Glimpse Into the Future

The launch of the Shielding Demo on Testnet is only the beginning. Aleph Zero’s roadmap for zkOS extends far beyond this initial release, with ongoing work on simplifying the user experience and the introduction of additional privacy features, such as ZK-ID and anonymity revokers, to ensure both privacy and protection against fraudulent use of the platform.

The system is designed to be easily integrated by developers, providing a privacy framework that requires minimal cryptographic knowledge. This simplicity, combined with Aleph Zero’s rapid client-side ZK proof generation, makes zkOS a critical tool for developers building privacy-centric applications across DeFi and other web3 sectors.

Unlocking Privacy for New Use Case

The privacy space in blockchain has been facing increased challenges, such as regulatory scrutiny and delistings, often due to concerns over non-compliance. Aleph Zero’s zkOS offers a fresh approach by delivering privacy solutions that balance user confidentiality with regulatory requirements. Instead of focusing solely on anonymity, zkOS is designed to meet both the needs of users and the evolving demands of compliance.

zkOS enables users to manage their assets securely across multiple blockchains, ensuring their transactions remain private. Unlike traditional privacy methods that rely on centralized or hardware-based systems, zkOS operates directly on the client-side, safeguarding privacy without external dependencies.

Next Steps for Aleph Zero

As the Testnet release progresses, Aleph Zero is focusing on refining Shielding and zkOS for its Mainnet deployment. Users who engage with the Shielding Demo will have the opportunity to be whitelisted for upcoming zkOS Beta testing on Aleph Zero’s EVM Mainnet.

About Aleph Zero

Aleph Zero is an ecosystem of blockchain solutions that are engineered for speed, data confidentiality, and ease of development. It achieves efficiencies akin to conventional web2 systems, upholds rigorous standards for data protection via zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP), and offers a comprehensive toolset for development across web3, ranging from WASM-based Rust to EVM-based Solidity environments. Aleph Zero’s versatility is highlighted by over 40 use cases being actively developed, showcasing its adaptability across various sectors and applications. These use cases are part of an engaged community and growing ecosystem of web3 applications supported by Aleph Zero programs.

For more information, visit https://alephzero.org/.

For any inquiries about this release, please contact josh@serotonin.co or ana@serotonin.co.

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BlackRock’s Spot Bitcoin ETF Records Largest Inflow Since July with $393.4M

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BlackRock’s spot Bitcoin ETF, iShares Bitcoin Trust (IBIT), experienced a massive net inflow of $393.40 million on October 16th.

According to data from SoSoValue, this figure represents the largest influx since July 22, when IBIT saw $526.7 million in new investments.

Spot Bitcoin ETF Market Gains Momentum

The spot Bitcoin ETFs recorded a total net inflow of $458.54 million on Wednesday. While BlackRock’s IBIT led the charge, Fidelity’s FBTC followed suit with $14.81 million, while Bitwise’s BITB saw $12.93 million on the same day.

Franklin Templeton’s EZBC recorded $11.79 million, and Ark and 21Shares’ ARKB saw $11.51 million in inflows. Other funds, such as Invesco’s BTCO, attracted $6.43 million, and VanEck’s HODL garnered $5.75 million. Valkyrie’s BRRR, too, recorded a minor inflow of $1.92 million.

Notably, Grayscale’s GBTC, WisdomTree’s BTCW, and Hashdex’s DEFI reported no inflows, and no outflows were recorded across any spot Bitcoin ETFs for the day.

Over the past week, BTC’s price has climbed nearly 11% and is currently trading above $67,000. The recent price rally coincided with the increasing inflows into spot Bitcoin ETFs in the US. Interestingly, the total assets under management (AUM) for all US-based spot Bitcoin ETFs have risen to $64.46 billion at today’s valuations after skyrocketing to a four-month high.

The heightened investor interest comes at a critical phase, especially with the upcoming U.S. presidential election approaching. The stakes for the crypto industry are escalating, and prediction markets indicate increased odds for Republican candidate and crypto supporter Donald Trump to win against his Democratic opponent, Vice President Kamala Harris.

As reported earlier, this pivot toward Republican prospects has created a bullish sentiment in the market, thereby driving inflows.

Whale Transfers Coincide with Social Media Shift Toward Bitcoin

Whale transactions in Bitcoin also reached the highest levels in over ten weeks, with 11,697 transfers valued at over $100,000 recorded on October 15. The following day, signs of increased whale activity also showed.

Additionally, social media content has predominantly focused on Bitcoin, making up more than a quarter of all discussions, as opposed to altcoins.

According to Santiment, these factors pointed to the possibility that the rally could be temporarily stalled due to profit-taking by significant players and intense crowd FOMO. Despite this, the crypto analytic platform added that long-term metrics are looking positive, suggesting that any decline may be short-lived.

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This Declining Major Bitcoin Metric Hints at Upcoming BTC Bull Run: Details

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TL;DR

  • Bitcoin soared to around $67,400, with some metrics suggesting potential for further gains.
  • However, some bearish signals, such as an overvalued MVRV ratio and overbought RSI, indicate a possible price pullback.

BTC Price Explosion Incoming?

The price of the leading cryptocurrency surged by over eight grand in the past week, currently trading at around $67,400 (per CoinGecko’s data). The rally fueled huge enthusiasm among BTC proponents, many of whom assumed that “Uptober” was finally here.

BTC Price
BTC Price, Source: CoinGecko

Some important indicators signal that the asset has yet to witness substantial gains. One example is the BTC supply stored on exchanges, which, according to X user Ali Martinez, has tumbled to a five-year low. 

Such a development is generally considered bullish since it suggests that holders might be shifting from centralized platforms to self-custody methods (which reduces the immediate selling pressure). Moreover, fundamental economic principles dictate that BTC’s price should head north if demand remains constant or increases while the available supply drops.

A metric hinting that BTC could be ahead of a more volatile period is the growing Open Interest. As CryptoPotato reported on October 15, the figure reached an all-time high of $19.8 billion. It kept rising in the following hours, surpassing $20 billion on October 16 (per CryptoQuant’s data).

The rise of OI is combined with BTC funding rates that have hit their highest positive levels in the past two months. This indicates that most of the open interest is comprised of long positions, which, combined with the growing demand reported by CryptoQuant’s CEO, reaffirms the narrative about a potential rally. 

Some Bearish Factors

Contrary to the aforementioned indicators suggesting that the primary cryptocurrency could experience another bullish momentum soon, some hint at the opposite scenario.

BTC’s MVRV (Market Value to Realized Value), for instance, has been gradually increasing in the past week, crossing the critical ratio of 2. Readings above that mark typically show that the asset could be overvalued and poised for a pullback.

The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is next on the list. This technical analysis tool measures the speed and change of price movements and is commonly used to identify overbought or oversold conditions. When the ratio is above 70, it indicates that BTC is in overbought territory, meaning a correction could be imminent. The RSI has been hovering above that level in the past three days. 

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