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Rise of Ethereum staking came at cost of higher centralization: JPMorgan

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The rise of Ethereum staking since major network upgrades, Merge and Shanghai, has come at the cost of higher centralization and lower staking yields, a new report by JPMorgan said.

JPMorgan’s analysts led by senior managing director Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou issued a new investor note on Oct. 5, warning about the risks stemming from Ethereum’s growing centralization.

Market share of top five liquid staking providers. Source: JPMorgan

Top five liquid staking providers — including Lido, Coinbase, Figment, Binance and Kraken — control more than 50% of staking on the Ethereum network, JPMorgan analysts noted in the report, adding that Lido alone accounts for almost one-third.

The analysts mentioned that the crypto community has seen the decentralized liquid staking platform Lido as a better alternative to centralized staking platforms, associated with centralized exchanges like Coinbase or Binance. However, in practice “even decentralized liquid staking platforms involve a high degree of centralization,” JPMorgan’s report said, adding that a single Lido node operator accounts for more than 7,000 validator sets, or 230,000 ETH.

These node operators get selected by Lido’s decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), which is controlled by few wallets addresses, “making Lido’s platform rather centralized in its decision making,” the analysts wrote. The report mentioned a case when Lido’s DAO rejected a proposal to cap the staking share at 22% of Ethereum’s overall staking to avoid centralization.

“Lido didn’t participate in the initiatives as its DAO rejected the proposal by an overwhelming majority of 99%,” JPMorgan analysts wrote, adding:

“Needless to say that centralization by any entity or protocol creates risks to the Ethereum network as a concentrated number of liquidity providers or node operators could act as a single point of failure or become targets for attacks or collude to create an oligopoly […]”

Apart from higher centralization, post-Merge Ethereum is also associated with an overall staking yield decline, JPMorgan noted. The standard block rewards declined from 4.3% before the Shanghai upgrade to 3.5% currently, the analysts wrote. The total staking yield has declined from 7.3% before the Shanghai upgrade to around 5.5% currently, the report added.

Related: Time to ‘pull the brakes’ on Ethereum and rotate back to Bitcoin: K33 report

JPMorgan analysts aren’t the only Ethereum observers that have noticed a significant increase in centralization of the network following the Merge upgrade. Executed on Sept. 15, 2022, the Merge has been seen as a major impediment to Ethereum’s decentralization and a major reason for dropping yields.

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has admitted that node centralization is one of Ethereum’s main challenges. In September 2023, he said that finding a perfect solution to handle this problem may take another 20 years.

Magazine: Blockchain detectives — Mt. Gox collapse saw birth of Chainalysis

Cryptocurrency

Who is Selling Their BTC at These Prices? Glassnode Reveals Bitcoin Profit Takers

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About a month ago, market analysts noted that profit-taking on the Bitcoin network was modest. However, that has changed.

The on-chain insights provider Glassnode has revealed that profit-taking on the leading digital network is ramping up again. This comes as Bitcoin (BTC) remains in a consolidation phase following weeks of upward movement.

BTC Holders Take Profits

According to Glassnode’s tweet, bitcoin’s realized profits hit $2.46 billion on June 30, while the network’s seven-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) spiked to $1.52 billion.

The SMA, which identifies trends by averaging prices over a specific period, is currently above its year-to-date (YTD) average of $1.14 billion. However, the metric is still below its November-December 2024 peak of approximately $4.5 billion.

The spike in Bitcoin’s seven-day SMA indicates that coin distribution on the network is on the rise. Mid-to-long-term BTC holders have been leading this profit-taking spree; Glassnode said investors aged three to five years have realized at least $849 million in profits. This cohort of market participants is followed by those aged seven to ten years, with $485 million in profits, and investors aged one to two years with $445 million.

Short-term BTC holders, those holding for under one year, have been cashing out the least gains, at less than $6 million.

Interestingly, older BTC holders have been leading the profit-taking for this cycle. CryptoPotato reported a rise in spending by this cohort in late May, which drove the aggregate volume for the one- to five-year cohorts to $4 billion, its highest level since February. While older investors take the lead, the bulk of the volume is coming from this particular group of Bitcoin holders.

Whales Are Redistributing Too

Glassnode’s latest report is further substantiated by an analysis from the institutional decentralized finance (DeFi) analytics platform, Sentora (previously known as IntoTheBlock).

The firm disclosed that wallets holding more than 1,000 BTC have been steadily reducing their balances. This indicates that although institutional money is flowing into Bitcoin, whales are still offloading their holdings.

It is worth mentioning that Sentora sees the redistribution by whales as a sign of a maturing market rather than weakness. Older whale coins being dispersed could become a dynamic that would strengthen Bitcoin’s long-term potential.

Meanwhile, BTC was still consolidating at the time of writing, hovering under $110,000 – a level, which it has remained confined to in the last few weeks.

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Cryptocurrency

Bitcoin Plunges to $105K and Recovers, Altcoins Volatile: Market Watch

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The past 24 hours saw enhanced volatility in the cryptocurrency market. Bitcoin managed to come on top, but the majority of altcoins are feeling the pressure.

Total liquidaitons across the entire sector also increased considerably, approaching the $260 million mark.

Bitcoin Price Plunges to $105K but Recovers

Starting with Bitcoin, the past 24 hours saw it tumble toward a local daily low at around $105,145, but as you can see on the chart below, the cryptocurrency managed to pull off a V-shaped recover.

As a result, it is currently trading at $107,720 and is up by almost 1% on the day.

This comes amid important economic developments in the US where Donald Trump’s “big beautiful bill” passed Senate and moves on to the next step of the approval process. If accepted, many speculate that it could have a positive effect on the cryptocurrency markets because it would alleviate tax pressure on retail investors, potentially freeing up capital for riskier investments.

BTCUSD_2025-07-02_13-11-37
Source: TradingView

Altcoins Feel te Pressure

While BTC managed to pull ahead following the increase in market volatility, the same is not true for many altcoins. The situation is mixed, but many altcoins dropped by more than 3% during the day, which is indicative of the current dynamices where Bitcoin is clearly dominant.

The best performer for today is PENGU – the native cryptocurrency of the Pudgy Penguins ecosystem, up by 6.3%. On the other side of the coin, we have Algorand’s ALGO, which is down 6.5%.

Coinglass also shows a 30% increase in liquidated positions across the derivatives markets, currently totaling around $260 million.

Screenshot 2025-07-02 at 13.14.59
Source: Quantify Crypto
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Disclaimer: Information found on CryptoPotato is those of writers quoted. It does not represent the opinions of CryptoPotato on whether to buy, sell, or hold any investments. You are advised to conduct your own research before making any investment decisions. Use provided information at your own risk. See Disclaimer for more information.

Cryptocurrency charts by TradingView.

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Cryptocurrency

No. 1 DeFi Protocol on Aptos, Echo, Launches Token Generation Event

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[PRESS RELEASE – Singapore, Singapore, July 2nd, 2025]

A participant in Aptos Foundation’s LFM program, Echo’s TGE further cements its role in Bitcoin DeFi on Aptos

Echo Protocol, the first Bitcoin liquid restaking and yield layer on MoveVM and the largest protocol on Aptos by total value locked (TVL), has launched its Token Generation Event (TGE).

Echo’s TGE follows a period of record-breaking growth and community engagement, underpinned by participation in Aptos Foundation’s LFM program—a premier initiative that provides hands-on guidance to Aptos-native projects preparing for major product and token launches.

Driving the BTCfi Momentum on Aptos

With over $285 million in aBTC minted and Echo securing 65% of all bridged BTC assets on Aptos, the protocol has emerged as a key player in the growth of BTCfi (Bitcoin DeFi) on Aptos. Echo enables users to unlock yield opportunities on their Bitcoin holdings via aBTC—a cross-chain liquid Bitcoin token, backed 1:1 by BTC—while powering liquidity and collateral mobility across Aptos-native DeFi protocols.

Echo recently surpassed an all-time high of $878 million in TVL, fueled by incentive campaigns, integrations with leading DeFi projects in the Aptos ecosystem and high user engagement. To date, the protocol is responsible for more than 1 million user transactions and 60,000 daily active users.

“The launch of the ECHO token marks a major milestone in our mission to bring BTCfi to life. With this TGE, we are unlocking a new phase of growth for our ecosystem and creating real opportunities for users, builders and the broader Aptos community,” said Jonathan Phay, Co-Founder of Echo Protocol.

Accelerating Growth with Aptos LFM Program

Echo’s rapid evolution has been supported through participation in Aptos Foundation’s LFM program, which offers strategic mentorship, marketing resources and ecosystem-wide support for Aptos-native projects preparing for TGEs and beyond.

“Echo Protocol has been instrumental in making BTC a productive, on-chain asset within the Aptos ecosystem,” said Ash Pampati, Head of Ecosystem at Aptos Foundation. “This a major milestone—not just for Echo, but for BTCfi adoption on Aptos as a whole. Supporting Echo through its participation in LFM has been a key part of our mission to help Aptos-native projects scale and succeed.”

Building the Future of Bitcoin Utility on Aptos

Echo’s TGE represents the next step in advancing Bitcoin utility on Aptos. Starting today, ECHO tokens will be available to users via Binance Alpha, Gate and Kucoin. Following its TGE, Echo plans to continue driving BTC liquidity and composability across the ecosystem, with new products and integrations aimed at expanding BTCfi use cases.

About Echo Protocol

Echo Protocol is a Bitcoin liquidity aggregation and yield infrastructure layer on MoveVM designed to make Bitcoin productive for holders, ecosystems, and DeFi protocols. By unifying fragmented BTC liquidity, enabling seamless DeFi integration, and amplifying yield opportunities, Echo provides the foundational infrastructure for unlocking BTC utility across chains. Echo Protocol is backed by leading investors such as Aptos, Maelstrom, and Selini, and is rapidly becoming the go-to layer for BTC capital efficiency in the modular DeFi stack.

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