Forex
A dollar on the defensive brings relief to policymakers globally
By Alun John and Karin Strohecker
LONDON (Reuters) – The dollar fell more than 2% against other major currencies in August, marking its biggest monthly drop this year and providing some relief to economies that have suffered under the weight of dollar strength.
The dollar’s downtrend, which has long been anticipated, is driven by expectations that the U.S. Federal Reserve will cut interest rates as the economy weakens.
“The dollar has been under pressure and it will remain under pressure over the remainder of this year,” said Guy Miller, chief market strategist, Zurich Insurance Group (OTC:).
Here’s where the relief is being felt the most.
1/ YEN INTERVENTION WATCH, CANCELLED
In July, traders braced for Japanese intervention to prop-up a yen that hit 38-year lows against the dollar, a headache for politicians and the Bank of Japan.
But the yen’s dramatic rebound has put an end to such intervention speculation.
One dollar is worth 146 yen, down more than 15 yen or around 10% from its mid-July levels, thanks to a BOJ rate hike, looming Fed cuts and a sharp reversal of popular carry trades.
“We’re not going to get a rebound in U.S. rates like we’ve had in previous corrections in the past two years. This is a fundamental turn and dollar/yen is heading lower,” said Derek Halpenny, MUFG’s head of research global markets EMEA.
It’s too late for Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida however. He soon steps down, and the weak yen, which drove up prices, contributed to his undoing.
2/ NEVER HAPPY?
Earlier this year, China tried to stop its currency from weakening too much against the dollar, partly in fear this would drive capital outflows.
But with the yuan at its strongest since June 2023, authorities now fear further strength could cause disruption.
Its rise is largely due to the dollar weakening – China’s domestic economy is fragile – but it could continue, especially if exporters sell the hoard of dollars they have accumulated.
“We generally expect that external developments will continue to outweigh domestic drags, and the yuan should gradually move stronger,” said ING chief economist for Greater China Lynn Song, forecasting the dollar at 7 yuan by year-end with a fall of around 1% from current levels.
3/ BREATHING SPACE
The weaker dollar has lifted emerging market currencies elsewhere too, especially in Asia. The Philippine peso chalked up its best monthly gains in August in some 18-years and the Indonesian rupiah in more than four years.
That momentum did not spread to Latin America, where Mexico’s peso and much of the region suffered hefty losses on domestic woes and wobbly commodity prices.
Nonetheless, a softer dollar coupled with U.S. soft landing hopes provide welcome breathing space for some emerging markets, allowing them more room to cut rates and become more sensitive to domestic growth issues.
“Through the remainder of the year we expect central banks in Philippines, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan and Turkey to join their early-cutter peers in LatAm and (central and Eastern Europe),” said MUFG’s head of emerging market research Ehsan Khoman.
4/ FROM FOE TO FRIEND
Two years ago, sterling fell to record lows, partly on political turmoil, while the euro hit parity versus the dollar – moves that exacerbated central banks’ inflation battle.
That’s now changed and currency strength will likely comfort Bank of England and European Central Bank rate-setters looking to ease policy but mindful of sticky inflation in some parts of the economy.
Sterling and the euro are the top performing major currencies this year. Sterling is above $1.30, up over 25% since its record lows and the euro is above $1.10, supported by markets pricing fewer ECB and BoE rate cuts than for the Fed.
5/ CROWNING MOMENT
Sweden’s rate-setters are also likely cheering a weaker dollar.
The Swedish crown has rallied 4% in August, making it the best performing major currency.
It also appreciated versus the euro, helping Sweden to cut rates. Last year Riksbank Governor Eric Thedeen said crown weakness made the inflation fight harder.
It is difficult for Sweden’s crown to strengthen further from here, analysts say, but the Norwegian crown could hold up better.
Norway will likely be among the last developed market economies to cut rates, boosting its currency and its sensitivity to global growth.
“In an environment where U.S. interest rates are coming down, U.S. growth slows, but global growth remains stable, high beta (growth sensitive) currencies such as the NOK (Norwegian crown) tend to perform well,” NatWest analysts said.
UBS advised investors to sell any potential short-term gains in the US dollar, adopting a more bearish stance on the currency for the medium term. The firm anticipates a possible corrective rebound in September, particularly if the Federal Reserve’s hesitancy to implement rate cuts greater than 25 basis points aligns with the seasonal trend of the US dollar outperforming during this month.
The current market positioning data indicates that the fast money shorts against the dollar are predominantly in the Euro (EUR) and British Pound (GBP), with both currencies potentially vulnerable in the near term. However, UBS views the GBP as a buy on dips, citing a more supportive domestic rates outlook and historical patterns of a strong recovery in sterling from late October to early November.
In contrast, the Japanese Yen (JPY) positioning is relatively neutral, suggesting the unwinding of short-term yen-funded carry trades. The Yen is also gaining from the return of its inverse correlation with equities, which has elevated it to one of the top performers in the G10 currencies.
Moreover, the Swiss Franc (CHF) has performed well and, without significant intervention from the Swiss National Bank (SNB), is expected to remain supported as residual franc shorts are covered. UBS has set a target for at 0.93.
The firm’s updated cross-border mergers and acquisitions tracker reveals a deal balance that is most negative for the Euro (EUR), Australian Dollar (AUD), and Swedish Krona (SEK), but positive for the GBP and JPY. For Australia, the tracker indicates a moderation in the rising trend of the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) balance, which has reached a 12-month surplus of 2.1% of GDP in the second quarter, the highest since pre-Covid times. This is supported by strong demand for Australian fixed income, which is helping to offset a widening current account deficit.
UBS notes that Australian goods export volumes have remained stable, suggesting that the worsening trade balance is due to falling commodity export prices and rising import volumes. However, they believe the impact on the AUD may be limited as the currency did not significantly appreciate during the post-Covid commodity price surge, and the increase in imports may reflect strong domestic demand, which is why UBS maintains a constructive outlook on the AUD.
This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.
BCA Research provided insights into the anticipated monetary policy actions by central banks in China and the United States. The research firm expects Chinese authorities to lower interest rates on existing mortgage loans, while the Federal Reserve is predicted to begin its monetary easing cycle.
According to BCA Research, a potential 100-basis-point cut in Chinese mortgage rates could save homeowners in China approximately RMB 300 billion ($44.7 billion) annually on interest payments.
Despite these potential savings, BCA Research suggests that the impact on China’s broader economy would be limited. The firm points out that subdued consumption is likely to persist due to factors such as weak labor market prospects, slower income growth, and household reluctance to take on new debt.
BCA Research also commented on the recent appreciation of the (RMB), deeming it unsustainable over the next six months. The firm believes that even with the Federal Reserve’s easing, the U.S. economy is not likely to be steered away from a recession. In this context, BCA Research views the U.S. dollar as a counter-cyclical currency that is expected to rebound.
Looking ahead, BCA Research anticipates that a U.S. recession could evolve into a global trade contraction by early 2025. The firm points to China’s economic vulnerability to such a downturn, which could negatively affect the value of the RMB.
Moreover, BCA Research forecasts that China will continue to experience disinflationary or deflationary pressures, necessitating the central bank to keep policy rates low. This environment of low interest rates coupled with modest growth is anticipated to restrain any significant appreciation of the Chinese yuan against the U.S. dollar.
This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.
Investing.com– Most Asian currencies gained ground on Wednesday as the dollar retreated in the wake of a fiery U.S. presidential debate, with focus turning to key upcoming inflation data due later in the day.
The Japanese yen was among the biggest beneficiaries of this trade, with increased safe haven demand after the debate putting the yen at its strongest level since early-January. The yen also benefited from somewhat hawkish-leaning comments from Bank of Japan officials.
Broader Asian currencies advanced on Wednesday, seeing some relief from a softer dollar. But regional markets were still nursing steep losses over the past week amid waning risk appetite.
Dollar dips after presidential debate; CPI awaited
The and both fell about 0.2% in Asian trade, with losses in the greenback coming in the wake of a fiery presidential debate between Kamala Harris and Donald Trump.
The debate furthered expectations for a hotly contested 2024 presidential race, which could present a major point of uncertainty for markets, given the contrasting views on policy pushed by both candidates. Harris and Trump both veered from the presented topics to engage in personal attacks against each other.
The dollar was also on the backfoot ahead of key inflation data due later in the day, which is widely expected to provide more cues on interest rates.
The reading comes just a week before a , where investors expect the central bank to cut rates by at least 25 basis points.
Japanese yen at 8-mth high on safe haven demand, BOJ hawkspeak
The yen was the best performer in Asia, with the pair falling 0.8% to 141.38 yen- its lowest level since early-January.
The currency benefited from some safe haven plays, as uncertainty over the U.S. election ramped up after Tuesday’s debate.
But a main point of support for the yen was hawkish comments from BOJ member Junko Nakagawa, who said that the central bank will continue to raise interest rates if inflation moves in line with its forecast.
Nakagawa’s comments come following a slew of hawkish signals from the BOJ, and were also made just a week before a BOJ meeting. Investors are uncertain over another rate hike by the central bank, following a 15 basis point raise in late-July.
Broader Asian currencies advanced, albeit slightly, as focus turned to the upcoming U.S. CPI reading.
The Chinese yuan’s pair fell 0.1%, but the yuan remained on the backfoot as U.S. policymakers proposed several more trade restrictions against Beijing.
The South Korean won’s pair fell 0.3%, while the Singapore dollar’s pair shed 0.2%.
The Indian rupee’s pair steadied near 84 rupees, while the Australian dollar’s pair was flat after sliding from over nine-month highs over the past week.
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