Forex
British inflation sends pound briefly below $1.30, dollar firm on Fed outlook, potential Trump win
By Alun John and Kevin Buckland
LONDON/TOKYO (Reuters) -Sterling tumbled to its lowest in two months on Wednesday after softer than expected British inflation data offered scope for the Bank of England to cut rates more forcefully, while the euro was at a 10-week low ahead of a European Central Bank meeting.
The pound dropped to as low as $1.2984, dipping under the $1.30 level for the first time since Aug. 20, after data showing the rate of annual consumer price inflation dropped to 1.7% in September from 2.2% in August.
That was the lowest reading since April 2021, was under the 1.9% forecast by a Reuters poll of economists. It reinforced bets on a BoE interest rate cut next month and made a further cut in December more likely.
Sterling recovered a little ground in morning trading in Europe and was last 0.42% lower on the day at $1.3018.
“The data is unequivocally dovish for the Bank of England and paves the way for rate cuts at the two remaining meetings this year,” said Francesco Pesole FX strategist at ING.
“We think that has incidentally opened the door for a period of underperformance by sterling,” he said, adding they see the pound trading well below $1.30 and the euro above 84 pence.
The common currency was last 0.44% higher on the pound at 83.67 pence.
SOLID DOLLAR
Moves elsewhere were less dramatic but the euro was at $1.0891, steady on the day but pinned at its lowest since Aug 2, having been hurt by traders pricing out rate cuts from the Federal Reserve and including a potential election win by former President Donald Trump – seen as a dollar positive – in their thinking.
Investors will be closely watching the European Central Bank’s meeting Thursday, though if policy makers deliver the currently priced 25 basis point rate cut and President Christine Lagarde refrains from giving too many clues about the further rate outlook, the market impact could be muted.
Across the Atlantic, traders have laid 92% odds for a 25-basis-point cut when the Fed next decides policy on Nov. 7, with an 8% probability of no change, according to CME Group’s (NASDAQ:) FedWatch Tool. A month ago, traders saw greater than 29% odds of a super-sized 50-basis-point reduction.
Market pricing still strongly favours a total of 50 basis points of easing this year, but comments from central bankers overnight leaned hawkish. The Atlanta Fed’s Raphael Bostic said he pencilled in just one 25 basis-point rate reduction for this year, while the San Francisco Fed’s Mary Daly said “one or two” cuts in 2024 would be “reasonable”.
The dollar added 0.1% to 149.37 yen, not far from Monday’s high of 149.98 yen, the strongest since Aug. 1.
BOJ board member Seiji Adachi said on Wednesday the central bank must raise rates at a “very moderate” pace and avoid hiking prematurely, given uncertainties over the global economic outlook and domestic wage developments.
The Australian and New Zealand dollars sagged as scepticism widened over stimulus from top trading partner China.
The dropped as much as 0.51% to $0.6669, the lowest since Sept. 12, before recovering to $0.6684, while the sank as much as 0.69% to $0.6041, a level last seen on Aug. 19.
“There’s definitely been some building scepticism about China’s real commitment to the kind of fiscal support that would be seen as really cathartic,” and that is pulling down the Australian and New Zealand currencies this week, said Ray Attrill, head of FX strategy at National Australia Bank (OTC:).
New Zealand’s currency was also weighed down further by data showing cooling inflation, keeping the door open for aggressive easing by the central bank.
Investing.com – The US dollar has gained strongly since the US presidential election in November, but these gains are unlikely to limit the hit that US customers are likely to face from tariffs, according to UBS.
At 08:25 ET (13:25 GMT), the Dollar Index, which tracks the greenback against a basket of six other currencies, traded 0.2% lower to 108.950, but was around 1.5% higher over the last month, and remained not far from the more than two-year high seen last week.
The theory is that a stronger dollar lowers US import prices, said analysts at UBS, in a note dated Jan. 17. Those lower prices would partially offset the tax payments US consumers must make to the US Treasury when buying imports.
If the US paid for the Chinese imports, then a stronger dollar would automatically reduce the amount of dollars paid (fewer dollars are exchanged to pay the renminbi price). However, the US pays for practically all its imports in dollars, so this does not happen.
If the dollar strengthens, the dollar price is unchanged, unless the exporter consciously chooses to lower the dollar price of the goods sold, UBS added.
An exporter to the US might deliberately lower dollar prices, as (in dollar terms) local currency costs are lower. But local currency costs are only a fraction of a manufacturer’s costs.
“A Chinese electronics manufacturer, importing chips (bought in dollars) and exporting computers to the US (in dollars), will probably keep their dollar prices stable—ignoring currency moves,” UBS added.
The US dollar strengthened against China’s renminbi in 2016 and 2018/19, and US import price inflation for products from China showed no noticeable break with earlier trends.
The preference seems to have been to reroute supply chains as a way of avoiding trade taxes.
Investing.com – The US dollar slumped Monday following a report that indicated that President-elect Donald Trump was set to delay imposing trade tariffs immediately upon his inauguration, an expectation which had boosted the US currency following his November election victory.
At 09:20 ET (14:20 GMT), the Dollar Index, which tracks the greenback against a basket of six other currencies, traded 1.1% lower to 108.020, having climbed to a more than two-year high last week.
The Wall Street Journal reported Monday that Trump is planning to issue a broad memorandum on his inauguration that directs federal agencies to study trade policies and evaluate US trade relationships with China and America’s continental neighbors—but stops short of imposing new tariffs on his first day in office.
The memo, which the WSJ has seen, suggests that debates are still ongoing within the incoming administration over how to deliver on Trump’s campaign trail promises for hefty tariffs on imports from trade rivals such as China.
The dollar has gained around 4% since the November presidential election as traders anticipated Trump’s policies will be inflationary, necessitating higher interest rates for a longer period.
“Financial markets are on tenterhooks to see what executive orders newly elected US President Donald Trump will enact on his first day,” said analysts at ING, in a note.
“FX markets are most interested in what he has to say about tariffs and what kind of pain the Oval Office plans to inflict on major trade partners.”
Bank of America (BofA) noted a significant increase in repo rates during the week of January 13 due to heightened liquidity demand triggered by tax payments and limited funding provided by the People’s Bank of China (PBoC).
The liquidity squeeze was most noticeable on January 16, the day following the tax payment deadline, with DR007 and R007 reaching 2.34% and 4.19%, respectively.
The PBoC maintained its stance on defending the exchange rate stability, resulting in the tightness of (RMB) liquidity being felt in the offshore market as well.
On January 9, the central bank announced it would issue RMB60 billion of 6-month bills in Hong Kong, a significant increase compared to previous issuances. The coupon rate of 3.4% was notably higher than the December issuance, reflecting the tightness of CNH liquidity and subdued demand from investors.
The December FX settlement balance by banks’ clients fell further to a deficit of US$10.5 billion, the first deficit reading since July 2024. A key change from the previous month was a sharp increase in USD demand for service trade. Reports also suggest that domestic importers have been actively purchasing USD via FX forward to hedge against tariffs risk in recent weeks, which has been exerting upward pressure on forward points.
On January 13, the PBoC increased the cross-border macroprudential parameter to 1.75 from 1.50. This move allows domestic corporations and Financial Institutions (FIs) to conduct more cross-border borrowing.
Given the widened interest rate gap between China and overseas, BofA believes this is more of a symbolic move by the PBoC to anchor market’s expectation on FX.
This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.
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