Forex
Take Five: Crypto gain, Europe pain
(Reuters) – smashing the $100,000 barrier raises the prospect of the cryptocurrency going mainstream, U.S. inflation data will show how much pressure there is on the Fed to adjust rates and central banks in Europe, Australia and Brazil meet.
Here’s what to look out for in the week ahead from Marcela Ayres in Brasilia, Kevin Buckland in Tokyo, Ira Iosebashvili in New York, and Dhara Ranasinghe and Amanda Cooper in London.
1/ FOUR, AND COUNTING
For ECB policymakers, their last meeting in October must seem a lifetime ago.
Since then, Donald Trump’s U.S. election win means the euro area faces renewed economic pain with likely tariffs, and governments in heavyweight Germany and France have collapsed, with the latter engulfed in its second political crisis in six months. All that has dealt a blow to sentiment in a bloc where business activity is deteriorating – and the euro has slid.
The ECB, also no stranger to hard times, is expected to deliver its fourth quarter-point rate cut on Thursday, with more cuts anticipated.
A pick-up in inflation means a bigger rate cut is unlikely. And yes, you guessed it, ECB chief Christine Lagarde will likely stress caution and data-dependency.
2/ A CUT AND A HARD PLACE
Australia’s central bank, which meets on Tuesday, is in a tight spot. The economy is sputtering, the currency is at four-month lows and yet inflation is sufficiently persistent to make repeated rate cuts unlikely.
The chances of a quarter-point reduction are below 15% and rates are expected to take until July to fall even 50 bps.
The Bank of Canada, by contrast, looks set to answer investors’ wishes for more cuts. It has said inflation is a thing of the past and more cuts could be in the offing, leaving the market split on whether its Dec. 11 meeting will yield a 25- or even a 50-bps cut.
Enter the most dovish of the G10 central banks – the Swiss National Bank. With inflation at 0.7%, it is expected to cut rates by 50 bps on Dec. 12.
3/ NO HURRY
Markets gaming out the trajectory for Federal Reserve policy in the months ahead get a U.S. inflation reading on Wednesday. The Fed has shaved 75 basis points (bps) off interest rates since September, following months of cooling inflation – expectations are towards another 25 bps cut later in December.
But the path ahead is less clear. The economy has proved stronger than expected, and Fed Chair Jerome Powell has said there is little reason to hurry the pace of cuts.
A strong number could bolster that view, potentially reigniting a bond selloff and strengthening the dollar if investors decide to further unwind bets on how much the Fed will cut next year. Economists polled by Reuters expect consumer prices to have risen 0.2% in November – matching the October rise.
4/ BITCOIN BREAKOUT
There was something inevitable in Bitcoin’s record surge past $100,000 after Trump’s election promises to make America “the crypto capital of the planet”.
But it did so in resounding fashion, vaulting from below $99,000 to as high as $103,619 in the space of two hours before catching its breath. The catalyst may have been confirmation of Trump’s choice of crypto veteran Paul Atkins to run the SEC. Of course, $100,000 is just a number – but one the faithful and the sceptical regard as a major milestone in Bitcoin’s 16-year journey towards legitimacy.
Recall though that its history is written in breathless rallies and white-knuckle reversals. While numbers like $150,000 are already being mentioned for 2025, the token is flashing overbought on daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly charts.
5/ FINAL ACT
Brazil’s central bank holds its final meeting under Governor Roberto Campos Neto on Wednesday, with bets on a sharper 75 bps hike after two raises that brought rates to 11.25%.
Campos Neto, set to hold a news conference on Dec. 19, said a positive fiscal shock could relieve pressure on the exchange rate and long-term yields in Latin America’s largest economy. But the government’s widely anticipated fiscal package disappointed markets, driving up risk premiums on major assets.
Brazil’s real has weakened some 20% against the dollar year-to-date, and strong economic resilience – on display in the third quarter – is fuelling inflation worries. As policymakers grapple with mounting challenges, Congress debates measures to curb spending and contain debt growth.
(Graphics by Sumanta Sen, Kripa Jayaram and Prinz Magtulis, Compiled by Karin Strohecker, Editing by Barbara Lewis (JO:))
Investing.com – The US dollar has gained strongly since the US presidential election in November, but these gains are unlikely to limit the hit that US customers are likely to face from tariffs, according to UBS.
At 08:25 ET (13:25 GMT), the Dollar Index, which tracks the greenback against a basket of six other currencies, traded 0.2% lower to 108.950, but was around 1.5% higher over the last month, and remained not far from the more than two-year high seen last week.
The theory is that a stronger dollar lowers US import prices, said analysts at UBS, in a note dated Jan. 17. Those lower prices would partially offset the tax payments US consumers must make to the US Treasury when buying imports.
If the US paid for the Chinese imports, then a stronger dollar would automatically reduce the amount of dollars paid (fewer dollars are exchanged to pay the renminbi price). However, the US pays for practically all its imports in dollars, so this does not happen.
If the dollar strengthens, the dollar price is unchanged, unless the exporter consciously chooses to lower the dollar price of the goods sold, UBS added.
An exporter to the US might deliberately lower dollar prices, as (in dollar terms) local currency costs are lower. But local currency costs are only a fraction of a manufacturer’s costs.
“A Chinese electronics manufacturer, importing chips (bought in dollars) and exporting computers to the US (in dollars), will probably keep their dollar prices stable—ignoring currency moves,” UBS added.
The US dollar strengthened against China’s renminbi in 2016 and 2018/19, and US import price inflation for products from China showed no noticeable break with earlier trends.
The preference seems to have been to reroute supply chains as a way of avoiding trade taxes.
Investing.com – The US dollar slumped Monday following a report that indicated that President-elect Donald Trump was set to delay imposing trade tariffs immediately upon his inauguration, an expectation which had boosted the US currency following his November election victory.
At 09:20 ET (14:20 GMT), the Dollar Index, which tracks the greenback against a basket of six other currencies, traded 1.1% lower to 108.020, having climbed to a more than two-year high last week.
The Wall Street Journal reported Monday that Trump is planning to issue a broad memorandum on his inauguration that directs federal agencies to study trade policies and evaluate US trade relationships with China and America’s continental neighbors—but stops short of imposing new tariffs on his first day in office.
The memo, which the WSJ has seen, suggests that debates are still ongoing within the incoming administration over how to deliver on Trump’s campaign trail promises for hefty tariffs on imports from trade rivals such as China.
The dollar has gained around 4% since the November presidential election as traders anticipated Trump’s policies will be inflationary, necessitating higher interest rates for a longer period.
“Financial markets are on tenterhooks to see what executive orders newly elected US President Donald Trump will enact on his first day,” said analysts at ING, in a note.
“FX markets are most interested in what he has to say about tariffs and what kind of pain the Oval Office plans to inflict on major trade partners.”
Bank of America (BofA) noted a significant increase in repo rates during the week of January 13 due to heightened liquidity demand triggered by tax payments and limited funding provided by the People’s Bank of China (PBoC).
The liquidity squeeze was most noticeable on January 16, the day following the tax payment deadline, with DR007 and R007 reaching 2.34% and 4.19%, respectively.
The PBoC maintained its stance on defending the exchange rate stability, resulting in the tightness of (RMB) liquidity being felt in the offshore market as well.
On January 9, the central bank announced it would issue RMB60 billion of 6-month bills in Hong Kong, a significant increase compared to previous issuances. The coupon rate of 3.4% was notably higher than the December issuance, reflecting the tightness of CNH liquidity and subdued demand from investors.
The December FX settlement balance by banks’ clients fell further to a deficit of US$10.5 billion, the first deficit reading since July 2024. A key change from the previous month was a sharp increase in USD demand for service trade. Reports also suggest that domestic importers have been actively purchasing USD via FX forward to hedge against tariffs risk in recent weeks, which has been exerting upward pressure on forward points.
On January 13, the PBoC increased the cross-border macroprudential parameter to 1.75 from 1.50. This move allows domestic corporations and Financial Institutions (FIs) to conduct more cross-border borrowing.
Given the widened interest rate gap between China and overseas, BofA believes this is more of a symbolic move by the PBoC to anchor market’s expectation on FX.
This article was generated with the support of AI and reviewed by an editor. For more information see our T&C.
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