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Currency market today: U.S. GDP report may shift the balance of power on the currency market in favor of dollar buyers

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What is happening on the currency market? Pretty strong U.S. economic growth data might turn the bullish market for risky assets, which are in good demand after yesterday’s meeting of the U.S. Federal Reserve. 

However, it could also be the case that the dollar will further sag against the euro and British pound, as the US economy may have shown modest growth in the second quarter of this year, interrupting the likelihood of consecutive quarterly contractions. Obviously, even if we do see growth, it will be quite weak, which will definitely raise fears of a possible further downturn in the foreign currency market.

Open currency market — what to expect? 

Economists expect U.S. gross domestic product to grow at an annualized rate of 0.4% in the 2nd quarter of 2022. On the face of it, that would seem to be an improvement after the 1.6% decline in GDP in the first quarter. However, a breakdown of GDP for the second quarter could illustrate a more worrisome decline in consumer demand, the main driver of economic growth. This will have a major impact on the currency market today. 

Whereas in the first quarter the slowdown was mainly due to growth in imports, and consumer spending was more moderate, things have changed; in the second quarter: the undoubted contribution to GDP growth will come from a reduction in the trade deficit, but consumer spending will probably shrink, which is pretty bad for the future prospects of the economy.

Clearly, because of the sharp rise in inflation, everyone expects consumer spending to shrink. Recent quarterly reports from major U.S. retailers such as Walmart Inc. and Target Corp. indicate serious concerns as consumers are already cutting spending, especially on high-priced items. 

Current currency market news and analysis

A decline in business investment, a weakening housing market amid rising interest rates and slower inventory growth will also have a negative impact on the pace of GDP growth in the second quarter. Recent data showed that the merchandise trade deficit narrowed more than expected in June, and inventories in both retail and wholesale stores rose significantly. 

Consumer spending, the main engine of the U.S. economy, will be the most important part of the report for many economists. Spending is projected to slow further to a 1.2% annualized rate, which will be the weakest growth rate for the year. Inflation-adjusted spending is likely to have declined in May from the previous month, and spending in June is not expected to be revised.

Currency market analysis: Impact of the U.S. GDP report

Experts say the economy may grow just enough to avoid an economic slowdown for two consecutive quarters, which is the common practical definition of a recession. Economists’ forecasts vary widely. About a third said GDP is down, including Bank of America Corp. and Deutsche Bank AG. 

Estimates range from a 2.1 percent drop to a 2 percent increase. The National Bureau of Economic Research has already made an official statement about the onset of the recession. Economists from the bureau define a recession as a significant decline in economic activity that spreads throughout the economy and lasts for more than a few months.

Even if the report shows GDP growth, fears that inflation will continue to rise and the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates to curb it will eventually lead the economy into recession. Yesterday, policymakers raised the key rate by 75 basis points, to 2.5%, at the end of a two-day committee meeting, and said they expect “steady further increases.” 

It is hard to say how all of these circumstances will affect the money market balance going forward, but clearly the GDP report will not go unnoticed.



Forex

Dollar rises after claims data, bitcoin continues rally

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By Chuck Mikolajczak

NEW YORK (Reuters) -The dollar rose to a 13-month high in choppy trading on Thursday as investors assessed the latest labor market data and comments from Federal Reserve officials for the path of interest rates, while bitcoin continued its march toward the $100,000 level.

Weekly initial jobless claims dropped 6,000 to a seasonally adjusted 213,000, a seven-month low, and below the 220,000 estimate of economists polled by Reuters, indicating job growth rebounded after being disrupted by hurricanes and labor strikes last month.

However, the report also indicated labor market slack as it is taking longer for the unemployed to find new jobs, as unemployment rolls grew to their highest levels in three years, giving the Fed cushion to cut rates again in December.

continued its recent rally that has seen the cryptocurrency surge more than 40% since the U.S. election on expectations President-elect Donald Trump will loosen the regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies.

Bitcoin gained 4.23% to $98,458 after reaching a record high of $99,057. The Securities and Exchange Commission said Chair Gary Gensler, who challenged the crypto industry, will step down on Jan. 20.

Recent comments from Fed officials, including Chair Jerome Powell, have indicated the central bank may take a slower course in its rate cut path, while concerns that Trump’s policies could reignite inflation have helped push the dollar to a high of 107.15, its highest level since Oct. 4, 2023.

The , which measures the greenback against a basket of currencies, rose 0.39% to 107.03, with the euro down 0.64% at $1.0476 after falling to $1.0461, its lowest in 13 months.

“One could argue that the market is now pretty hawkishly priced, kind of the other side of the boat again, so it’s starting to look a little bit aggressive in some of the Fed pricing and probably in the Bank of England as well, but at the same time they are kind of talking very hawkishly lately,” said Brad Bechtel, global head of FX at Jefferies in New York.

“We’re just going to kind of chop around, there’s a lot embedded in the dollar price at current levels so I definitely wouldn’t be chasing it.”

European Central Bank chief economist Philip Lane said global economic output would suffer a “sizeable” loss if trade became more fragmented and an immediate boost to inflation would only fade over a few years.

Expectations for the path of rate cuts have been scaled back recently. Markets are pricing in a 55.9% chance of a 25-basis-point cut at the Fed’s December meeting, down from 72.2% a week ago, according to CME’s FedWatch Tool.

Federal Reserve Bank of New York President John Williams told Barron’s in an interview published on Thursday he sees inflation cooling and interest rates falling further while Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond President Tom Barkin said in an interview with the Financial Times the U.S. is more vulnerable to inflationary shocks than in the past.

In addition, Chicago Federal Reserve President Austan Goolsbee reiterated his support for further interest rate cuts and receptiveness to doing them more slowly.

Safe-haven currencies such as the Japanese yen and Swiss franc briefly strengthened on the latest potential signs of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia escalating before reversing course.

© Reuters. FILE PHOTO: U.S. Dollar banknote is seen in this illustration taken July 17, 2022. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo

Against the Japanese yen, the dollar weakened 0.56% to 154.56 after dropping as much as 0.98%, and against the Swiss franc, the dollar gained 0.29% to 0.887 after falling as much as 0.21% on the session.

Bank of Japan Governor Kazuo Ueda said on Thursday the central bank would “seriously” take into account foreign exchange rate moves in compiling its economic and price forecasts.

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Sterling sags as ‘Trump bump’ lifts dollar

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By Amanda Cooper

LONDON (Reuters) – The pound eased modestly against the dollar, which held firm on Thursday, as investors remained laser-focused on who President-elect Donald Trump’s Treasury Secretary pick might be and what that might mean for his policies on growth, trade and taxes.

With the dollar in the ascendant, sterling wilted, last down 0.1% at $1.26405.

It’s risen 1.2% against the euro, which has come under intense pressure against the dollar in particular, as traders try to factor in the potential hit to euro zone growth from an aggressive stance on tariffs from the incoming Trump administration.

The pound got a brief lift the day before from data that showed UK consumer inflation staged an unwelcome pickup in October, confirming the belief in the market that the Bank of England will be one of the slowest among the big central banks to lower rates meaningfully over the coming year.

Even against that backdrop, sterling has fallen by close to 2% against the dollar this month and turned negative on the year.

Money markets currently show traders believe the BoE could lower rates by around 68 basis points by next December. For the Bank’s next meeting on Dec. 19, there’s no expectation of any move at all.

Commerzbank (ETR:) strategist Michael Pfister noted that there is barely a 50% chance priced in for a rate cut in February either.

“We still believe that the next rate cut will take place then. The argument in favour of this is that monetary policy is still likely to be seen as quite restrictive and policymakers will certainly want to avoid falling behind the curve,” he said.

He added that if inflation data shows a sustained pickup, the discussions around a February cut are “likely to intensify”.

Next (LON:) up on the macro calendar are preliminary surveys of business activity for November for the UK, the euro zone, the United States and elsewhere due on Friday.

© Reuters. FILE PHOTO: Pound and U.S. dollar banknotes are seen in this illustration taken January 6, 2020. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo

The most recent Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) for October came in at 52 for Britain, above the 50 mark that separates growth from contraction and ranking the UK second behind the United States, which logged a reading of 54 last month.

Friday’s PMI is expected to come in at 51.8, according to a Reuters poll of economists.

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Forex

Dollar keeps rising; euro falls to two-year low on weak data

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Investing.com – The US dollar climbed to a new high Friday, while the euro slumped as data continued to illustrate the weak state of the eurozone economy. 

At 05:00 ET (10:00 GMT), the Dollar Index, which tracks the greenback against a basket of six other currencies, traded 0.6% higher to 107.614, after earlier climbing to its highest level since early October, 2023. 

Dollar heads relentlessly higher 

The dollar has gained some 3% so far this month in the wake of Donald Trump’s presidential election victory on expectations that his policies could reignite inflation and limit the Fed’s ability to cut rates.

The release of solid employment data on Thursday also helped the tone, as unexpectedly slowed. 

“It was, however, some Fedspeak that likely encouraged dollar buying as New York Fed President John Williams – not usually a hawk – said the US is ‘not quite there yet’ on inflation and that the jobs market needs to cool further for easing,” said analysts at ING, in a note.

Markets now see a 57.8% chance of a 25-basis-point cut, down from 72.2% a week ago, according to CME’s FedWatch Tool.

The US currency’s safe haven status has also been a boon given the recent escalations in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine.

“Markets are clearly taking the escalation in the Russia-Ukraine war more seriously, which is favoring a broader rotation to haven assets like the dollar,” ING added.

Euro slips to two-year low

In Europe, traded 0.8% lower to 1.0389, falling to its lowest level in two years, with the single currency weighed by the region’s weak economic outlook as well as being buffeted by events in Ukraine this week.

Eurozone business activity took a surprisingly sharp turn for the worse this month as the bloc’s dominant services industry contracted and manufacturing sank deeper into recession, a survey showed on Friday.

The preliminary , compiled by S&P Global, sank to a 10-month low of 48.1 in November, below the 50 mark separating growth from contraction.

“The release has risen from being almost disregarded to a de-facto critical input for policy decision given the Governing Council’s greater focus on forward looking indicators of growth,” ING said.

Earlier in the session data showed that Germany’s , the largest in the eurozone, grew less than previously estimated in the third quarter, expanding by 0.1% in the third quarter of 2024, down from a preliminary reading of 0.2% growth.

fell 0.4% to 1.2536, falling to its weakest against the dollar since May, as British business output shrank for the first time in more than a year.

The preliminary S&P Global Flash , fell to 49.9 in November – below the significant 50.0 level for the first time in 13 months – from 51.8 in October.

Yen gains after Japanese CPI

fell 0.1% to 154.38, after Japanese inflation grew slightly more than expected in October, while the core measure rose above the central bank’s annual target band, keeping bets alive for another rate hike by the Bank of Japan.

climbed 0.2% to 7.2491, near a four-month high. 

The yuan has depreciated as much as 1.8% against the dollar so far in November, as inadequate signals on Chinese stimulus measures also weighed on local markets. 

 

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